新型冠状病毒致病机理及其疫苗的研发进展

Pathogenic mechanism and related vaccine development of novel coronavirus

新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2,SARS-CoV-2)是一种可引起人新型冠状病毒肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP;亦称为COVID-19)的新发呼吸道病原体,与中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus,MERS-CoV)和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,SARS-CoV)同属β-冠状病毒,其受体与SARS-CoV的受体相同,均利用血管紧张素转化酶2(angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,ACE2)受体入侵人体细胞。SARS-CoV-2主要通过呼吸系统和消化系统感染,具有较高的传染性和致死率。目前,新冠病毒引起的肺炎已在全球范围内大规模蔓延,接种疫苗是根除病毒性传染病最有效的方法,国内外各大科研机构已快速展开COVID-19疫苗的研制工作,这是有效控制疫情的重点和难点。现就新冠病毒的致病机理、感染途径及疫苗研发作一综述,旨在为相关研究人员提供参考。

Novel coronavirus is a novel respiratory pathogen that causes human COVID-19.It belongs toβ-coronavirus including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV),too.Its receptor is the same as that of SARS-CoV,and both use this receptor,angiotensin converting enzyme 2 to invade human cells.The infection pathway is confirmed to be respiratory system and digestive system,with high infectivity and certain mortality.At present,pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus has spread on a large scale all over the world.Vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent viral infectious diseases.Many institutions at home and abroad have started COVID-19 vaccine research work,which is the key and difficult point to effectively control the pandemic.This paper reviewed the pathogenesis,infection route and vaccine development of the virus,in order to provide reference for relevant researchers.