2007—2018年滨州市水痘流行病学分析

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella from 2007 to 2018 in Binzhou City

目的分析2007—2018年山东省滨州市水痘的发病特征,为制定相应的防控措施提供依据。方法通过中国传染病报告信息管理系统,采用描述流行病学方法分析2007—2018年滨州市的水痘报告病例。结果 2007—2018年滨州市累计报告病例为8 433例,年均发病率为18.36/10万。滨州市7个区县均有水痘报告病例,发病率最高的地区为滨城、无棣和惠民县(区),发病率分别为38.16/10万、23.12/10万和18.07/10万。各月均有水痘报告病例,4—6月春末夏初,报告病例3 284例,占38.94%;11月至次年1月为2 634例,占31.23%。男、女性别比为1.42∶1,性别差异无统计学意义(χ2 =3.007、P=0.08,P>0.05);各年龄均有报告病例,主要集中于0~20岁,占87.58%,以>5~10岁组最多,各年龄组差异有统计学意义(χ2=73.28、P=0.001,P<0.05);职业以学生为主,报告病例4 597例,占54.51%,发病率9.30/10万。无接种史和不详的报告病例7 256例,占86.04%。结论滨州市水痘疫情持续逐年增长,水痘发病具有明显的季节性,疾病预防控制应加强中小学和幼托机构水痘监测;滨州市应将水痘疫苗列入计划免疫疫苗,并将其2剂次免疫策略纳入免疫程序,从而提高水痘疫苗接种率,切实降低发病率。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of varicella in Binzhou, Shandong Province from 2007 to 2018, and to provide a basis for formulating corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used in analysis of the reported varicella cases by using the China Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System. Results There were 8 433 cases reported in Binzhou,with an average annual incidence of 18.36 cases per 100 000 people. All 7 districts and counties have reported cases of varicella, the first 3 areas with high incidence rates were Bincheng district and Wudi county, Huimin county, the incidence was 38.16/100 000, 23.12/100 000 and 18.07/100 000, respectively. Chickenpox varicella cases were reported in every month. The peak of incidence was in late spring, early summer and winter;cases were mainly concentrated in children under 15 years age, with occupational composition of primary and secondary school students, nurseries and scattered children. Conclusion The varicella epidemic in Binzhou has been increasing year by year, and the incidence of varicella was obviously in a seasonal pattern. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of varicella in primary and middle schools as well as kindergartens. The strategy of two-dose varicella immunization should the incorporated into the immunization program, so as to increase the vaccination rate of varicella, effectively to reduce the incidence of the disease.