新型肺炎链球菌疫苗研究进展

Progress in development of new pneumococcal vaccine

肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)是引发人类肺炎、中耳炎、脑膜炎的主要病原体。为了预防肺炎链球菌感染,人类已研制出了多种相关的疫苗。目前,常用23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗(23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine,PPV23)预防成人和2岁以上儿童肺炎链球菌的感染,用7价、10价、13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗来预防婴幼儿肺炎链球菌的感染。虽然荚膜多糖类疫苗能预防其所包含的肺炎链球菌血清型的感染,但非疫苗血清型的菌株还是可以在鼻咽部定植,并引起感染,而且结合疫苗研制工艺复杂、价格昂贵,在发展中国家使用还不普及。鉴于上述原因许多疫苗公司开始研发具有保护力强、价格低廉的新型疫苗。近年来,肺炎链球菌全细胞疫苗和肺炎链球菌纯化蛋白疫苗由于其血清非依赖性和较低的生产成本已成为人们关注的焦点。现对肺炎链球菌新型疫苗的研制及临床应用作一概述。

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is the main pathogen causing human pneumonia,otitis media,and meningitis.In order to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae from infection,humans have developed a variety of related vaccines.Currently,23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPV23)is commonly used to prevent pneumococcal infection in adults and children over 2 years age,and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines(PCV7,10,13)are used to prevent pneumococcal infection in infants.Although the capsular polysaccharide vaccine does a good job of preventing the infection caused by serotypes it contains,the non-vaccine serotype strains can still colonize the nasopharynx and cause infection.In addition,conjugate vaccines development is complicated and expensive,which is not commenly and extensively used in developing countries.These factors make it imperative to develop a new vaccine with broad protection and low cost.In recent years,pneumococcal whole-cell vaccines and pneumococcal purified protein vaccines have become the focus of attention due to their serum non-dependence and low production cost.Now,an overview of the development and clinical application of a new vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae is presented.