探寻和平之路:欧洲一体化的历史渊源

Struggle for Peace: Historical Origin of European Integration

欧洲一体化正式起步于1952年的煤钢共同体,但其历史渊源则可以追溯到数百年前。欧洲人最早试图将欧洲联合为一个整体的构想始于14世纪。在17—18世纪,欧洲国家主要通过"均势"来维持和平,但也出现了一系列有关欧洲联合和统一的主张,圣-皮埃尔、卢梭和康德都提出了相关设想。19世纪中后期是欧洲统一运动第一次广泛开展的时期,知识分子开始有组织地进行活动以谋求欧洲统一,"欧洲观念"开始在欧洲范围内广泛传播。两次世界大战之间,欧洲统一运动比过去更具有了政治运动的色彩,欧洲一些国家的政府开始不同程度地介入到欧洲统一运动中来。第二次世界大战结束后,欧洲各国热衷于欧洲统一的人士开始将其理想付诸行动,欧洲联邦主义和邦联主义的统一运动如火如荼。这些思想和实践探索表明,欧洲联合和一体化的首要动因是维持和平。

The European integration officially started from the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952 but its initiative origin has had hundreds-year history.It was in the 14 th Century that the Europeans tried to unite Europe as one community in order to defense the Ottoman Empire.In the 17-18 th Century,Europeans would like to use the balance of power to maintain peace in Europe.At the same time many of them such as Abbe de Saint-Pierre,Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant advocated series idea of European Federalism and Con-federalism.European intellectuals started to organize movement for European unification in the middle and later 19 th Century and the idea of Europe widely spread all over Europe.Between the two great wars,the Movement for European Unification became political.The European governments involved in the movement to varying degrees.After the World War II,people who keened to the European unification began to act on their ideas.Different kinds of European federalist and con-federalist movement for unification were in full swing.All these ideas andmovement show that the most important motivation is to maintain peace in Europe.