中国在安理会参与中东的冲突解决:原则、路径与实践

China’s Participation in the Middle East Conflict Resolution in the UN Security Council: Rationales,Trajectories and Practice

联合国安理会是中国参与中东安全事务的重要舞台,中国政府在讨论中东冲突解决出路过程中倡导求同存异、主权至上、政治解决、多边主义等原则。按照冲突产生的根源,可将中东地区安全事务分为内生性安全问题、跨国性安全问题和区域性安全问题。内生性安全问题因一国内部民族、部落、政治派别和政治组织的分歧而产生冲突,中国在安理会倡导中东冲突当事国的人民主导安全议程,主张其内部各派别和平对话,以国家重建提升安全治理能力,以经济发展促安全软着陆。跨国性安全问题源于两个或两个以上主权国家之间的矛盾,中国在安理会倡导以斗争为手段,以联合为目的;坚持扶弱抑强,反对恃强凌弱;以战略互信推动和解进程;坚持"早介入、晚定性"。区域性安全问题是整个中东地区面临的共同安全威胁,中国选择性参与议程设计,主张标本兼治、综合施策,坚持以人为本并提供力所能及的安全援助。中国在安理会参与中东的冲突解决,促进了中国外交和全球安全治理理念的创新。

The UN Security Council is an important arena for China to participate in the Middle East security affairs,on which China adheres to four principles of seeking common ground while putting aside differences,giving top priority to sovereignty,political resolution and multilateralism. Based on the roots of the Middle East security affairs,the Middle East conflicts can be attributed to internal conflicts,transnational conflicts and regional conflicts. The first category originates from the domestic Middle East countries,caused by ethnic,tribal,political and organizational conflicts,and China advocates that the Middle Eastpeoples should be predominant in the security agendasetting through peaceful dialogues,fostering the host states’ ability of security governance by nation-building,promoting soft landing of security issues through economic development. As to the transnational security issues between and among sovereign states,China adheres to four principles of seeking unity instead of struggles,siding with the weak instead of with the strong,enhancing reconciliation through strategic trust,calling for early intervention and avoiding perfunctory determination. The regional security issue is the common threat to the whole region,and China adheres to the principles of selective participation in the agenda-setting,eradicating both symptom and root causes,seeking comprehensive measures and being people-oriented. China has provided necessary security assistance to the conflict-stricken countries in conflict resolution.