膈肌导引与腹式呼吸对高原作业人员血氧饱和度及心率影响的比较

Effect of diaphragmatic guidance and abdominal breathing on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate of personnel on the plateau

目的比较膈肌导引与腹式呼吸改善高原作业人员血氧饱和度和心率的效果,为高原作业人员提供一种更有效的呼吸方法。方法在海拔4000 m的高原随机抽取进驻高原满1个月且不足3个月的作业人员50名,采用随机数字表法分为两组,运用交叉对照研究方法分别测量受试者膈肌导引和腹式呼吸各5 min前后的血氧饱和度与心率,比较膈肌导引和腹式呼吸前后血氧饱和度和心率的变化情况。结果在海拔4000 m高原环境中,受试者膈肌导引训练后血氧饱和度由83.34%±3.04%升至94.08%±2.24%,差异有统计学意义(t=-27.569,P<0.01),心率由(85.02±12.75)次/min降至(76.56±10.78)次/min,差异有统计学意义(t=8.615,P<0.01);受试者腹式呼吸训练后血氧饱和度由83.72%±3.27%升至90.55%±3.62%,差异有统计学意义(t=-14.700,P<0.01),心率由(84.80±12.84)次/min降至(76.08±11.24)次/min,差异有统计学意义(t=9.049,P<0.01);两组组间比较,受试者膈肌导引训练后血氧饱和度改善程度大于腹式呼吸训练,差异有统计学意义(t=-6.455,P<0.01),心率改善程度与腹式呼吸训练相比无统计学差异(t=-0.182,P=0.856)。结论在高原环境中,膈肌导引训练与腹式训练均可改善血氧饱和度和心率,且膈肌导引训练改善血氧饱和度的效果优于腹式呼吸训练,值得在高原地区推广应用。

Objective To investigate the effects of diaphragmatic guidance and abdominal breathing on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate of personnel on the plateau and to find a more efficient breathing method for them.Methods Fifty personnel working on the plateau were randomly selected,who had been stationed on the plateau at an altitude of 4000 m for more than one month but less than three months.The cross-control study method was used.Doctors subjected each of them to diaphragmatic guidance training and abdominal breathing training,and measured their blood oxygen saturation and heart rate before training and 5 minutes after training respectively.Results At an altitude of 4000 m,blood oxygen saturation of the subjects increased from(83.34±3.04)%to(94.08±2.24)%after diaphragmatic guidance training,so the difference was statistically significant(t=-27.569,P<0.01),but the heart rate of the subjects decreased from(85.02±12.75)times/min to(76.56±10.78)times/min,and the difference was also statistically significant(t=8.615,P<0.01).After abdominal breathing training,blood oxygen saturation of the subjects increased from 83.72%±3.27%to 90.55%±3.62%,so the difference was statistically significant(t=-14.700,P<0.01).The heart rate of the subjects decreased from(84.80±12.84)times/min to(76.08±11.24)times/min,and the difference was statistically significant(t=9.049,P<0.01).Blood oxygen saturation improved more significantly after diaphragmatic guidance training than after abdominal breathing training,and the difference was statistically significant(t=-6.455,P<0.01),but there was no significant difference in the extent of improvement of heart rate between the two types of training(t=-0.182,P=0.856).Conclusions In a plateau environment,both diaphragmatic guidance training and abdominal training can improve blood oxygen saturation and heart rate,but diaphragmatic guidance training can improve blood oxygen saturation more effectively than abdominal breathing training.