中国民间文化中的绰号考辨——以河南延津为例

Nicknames in Chinese Folk Culture: A Case of Yanjin Rural Dialect

中国民间文化多姿多彩,并依据地理位置、生态样貌、生产方式、经济生活和历史传统形成了地域性特征。绰号作为民间文化的一种,始终在乡间得以传承、传播、生产,有一套与典籍文化相媲美的文化谱系。河南延津县乡村绰号使用比较广泛,绝大多数的男性村民都有绰号,还有为数不多的一些女性村民也有绰号。在他们的绰号中,有读音似"的(de)"的"子"尾或含有儿化音,或含有排行。就其语言形式特征来看,这些绰号多以二字格、三字格格式为常,四字格及以上格式比较少,这符合语言经济原则。其命名方式所体现的文化意蕴多与相貌、姿态、性格、品质及为人处事等方面密切相关。乡村方言绰号作为一种符号,其效用在很大程度上超过了名字;它作为一种民间文化现象,使延津乡村充满生气与魅力。

Chinese folk culture is rich and colorful with regional characteristics of geographical location, ecological appearance, production mode, economic life and historical tradition. Nickname, as a kind of folk culture, has always been inherited, spread and produced in the countryside, with a set of cultural genealogy comparable to the culture of ancient books. The nicknames in the villages of Yanjin County in Henan are widely used. The vast majority of male villagers have nicknames. There are also a few female villagers who have nicknames. In their nicknames, most use "zi" as the suffix. There are also more nicknames containing childish sounds or sequence of birth.In terms of their linguistic features, most of these nicknames are dominated by two-character grids and three-character grids, and four-character grid format and other formats are less. Regarding the reasons for the naming of these nicknames, most of them are closely related to one’s appearance, posture, personality, temperament, and character.As a symbol, the nicknames have far exceeded the names in utility to form a cultural phenomenon which brings Yanjin village full charm of life.