铝合金中厚板单面焊双面成形模拟与试验研究

Simulation and Experimental Research on Single-side Welding and Double-side Forming of Aluminum Alloy Medium and Thick Plate

传统焊接方法在铝合金中厚板焊接时存在焊缝成形差、难以实现单面焊双面成形等问题,严重影响焊接质量和焊接效率。通过开展5083铝合金中厚度平板焊接有限元仿真,分析预热温度、焊接电流和焊接速度等工艺参数变量对焊接温度、热影响区和焊接应力的影响规律,确定了合理的焊接工艺参数范围。采用自动化CMT+P(冷金属过渡焊+脉冲焊)复合双脉冲焊接工艺对中厚度平板进行对接焊试验,实现了单面焊双面成形,并通过对焊接接头内部缺陷、维氏硬度等进行测试分析,焊缝内部无明显缺陷,硬度达到了母材的82%以上,从而证实了工艺方案的有效性和实用性。

Traditional welding methods have many problems in the welding of aluminum alloy medium and thick plates,such as poor welding seam formation,difficulty in achieving single-sided welding and double-sided forming,which seriously affect welding quality and welding efficiency.Through the finite element simulation of 5083 aluminum alloy medium-thickness plate welding,the influence of process parameter variables such as preheating temperature,welding current and welding speed on welding temperature,heat-affected zone and welding stress was analyzed,and a reasonable range of welding process parameters was determined.The automatic CMT+P(cold metal transition welding+pulse welding)compound double pulse welding process was used to carry out butt welding test on the medium thickness flat plate,which realizes the single-sided welding and double-sided forming,and through the internal defects of the welded joint,the Vickers hardness,etc.The test results show that there is no obvious defects inside the weld,and the hardness reaches more than82%of the base metal,thus confirming the effectiveness and practicability of the process plan.