畜禽粪肥施用对果园土壤细菌群落多样性影响

Effects of Livestock Manure Application on Soil Bacterial Community Diversity in Orchard

以崇明岛果园土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术探究了施用鸡粪(CM)、猪粪(PM)和有机肥(OF)对土壤细菌群落的组成、结构及多样性的影响,分析了土壤环境因子与细菌群落的相关性。结果表明,与对照组(CK)相比,施用猪粪显著提高了土壤的总氮(TN)、有机质(SOM)、铬(Cr)和铅(Pb)含量(P<0.05),且土壤细菌群落丰富度最高,菌群丰度(Ace)指数达5137.71;施用鸡粪显著提高了土壤的氨氮(NH_(3)-N)和硝酸盐氮(NO_(3)-N)含量(P<0.05),一氧化二氮还原酶(EC1.7.2.4)的丰度显著提高(P<0.05);有机肥的施用有利于提升SOM的含量,且一氧化氮还原酶(细胞色素c)(EC1.7.2.5)的丰度显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。砷(As)、Cr、Pb、pH值是影响土壤细菌结构的主要环境因子,施肥会导致重金属含量和病原菌丰度升高,对果园环境造成一定的不利影响。

The high-throughput sequencing technology was adopted to investigate the effects on composition,structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities,and their correlations between soil environmental factors and bacterial communities after applying chicken manure(CM),pig manure(PM)and organic fertilizer(OF)in orchard soil at Chongming Island.The results showed that,the pig manure significantly increased the soil TN,SOM,Cr and Pb contents(P<0.05)compared with the control group(CK),and soil bacteria community richness is the highest,with the Ace index of 5137.71.The chicken manure significantly increased the contents of NH_(3)-N and NO_(3)-N in the soil(P<0.05),and the abundance of nitrous oxide reductase(EC1.7.2.4)was significantly higher compared with the CK group(P<0.05).The application of organic fertilizer was beneficial to increase the content of SOM,and the abundance of nitric oxide reductase(cytochrome c)(EC1.7.2.5)was significantly higher than that of the CK group(P<0.05).As,Cr,Pb,and pH value were the main environmental factors that affect the structure of soil bacteria.Fertilization will increase the content of heavy metals and the abundance of pathogenic bacteria,which will cause a certain adverse impact on the orchard environment.