社会结构视域下凝聚力对旅游型城市发展的作用研究——以云南丽江为例

Research on the Role of Cohesion in the Development of Tourist Cities from the Perspective of Social Structure——Taking An Example of Lijiang in Yunnan

在文旅融合发展的背景下,旅游业给城市带来了更多的发展机会,同时,人员、资本、技术、文化流动愈加频繁,原有的社会结构也不断调整。丽江的传统文化以少数民族文化为典型特征,社会结构相对稳固。旅游业兴起后,丽江的经济方式与生活样貌发生变化,随着人群的往来与迁移,社会角色复杂化、流动化成为丽江的常态,也为本地的城市治理带来许多挑战。20余年的探索中,丽江不断寻找与之相适应的方式,促进各个社会角色的相互认同,以加强社会凝聚力。具体做法有:第一,构筑行业共同体,优化社会分工;第二,营建社区共同体,新老居民共谋发展;第三,培育情感共同体,邻里扶持相助。以上方式不仅对丽江的社会治理有明显成效,对城市的可持续发展、文化的融合与传承也起到重要作用。文化旅游日益成为驱动城市发展的要素,丽江的个案经验将为各旅游型城市提供参考。

Under the background of integrated development of culture and tourism,it not only brings more opportunities for the development of cities,but also leads to continuous adjustment to the original social structure with the increasingly frequent flowing of people,capital,technology and culture.Characterized with the culture of minorities in the traditional culture,Lijiang is equipped with a relatively stable social structure.After the rising of tourism,great changes take place in the economic pattern and lifestyle in Lijiang.What’s more,with the immigration and emigration of people,it has been normal to have complicated and mobile social roles in Lijiang,which brings lots of challenges to the urban governance of the local city.During the process of exploration for more than 20 years,Lijiang has been searching for suitable ways to promote the mutual recognition of every social role so as to strengthen the social cohesion.The specific measures are explained below.Firstly,establish a community of the industry to optimize the social division of labor.Secondly,create a community of the group,so that both the old and new residents can seek for mutual development.Thirdly,develop a community of emotions,which can function as a way of mutual support and help for the neighbors.In conclusion,the measures mentioned above are not only obviously effective for the social governance of Lijiang,but also play an important role in the sustainable development,cultural integration and inheritance of the city.It is true that cultural tourism has been increasingly developed as an element to motivate the urban development,so the experience for the case of Lijiang will be used as a reference for all tourist cities.