以知为先,以行为重:吉田松阴思想与行动的嬗变逻辑——兼论吉田松阴与阳明学的关系

Analysis of the Development Process on Yoshida shōin's Idea and Action of Overthrowing the Shogunate——A study on the Clue of“Inseparability of Knowledge and Practice”

吉田松阴的倒幕行动与其兵学和阳明学思想密切相关。吉田松阴自幼接受的山鹿流兵学使其形成了牢固的神国信仰、尊皇观念与职分意识,而阳明学的“知行合一”理念则又塑造了吉田松阴义无反顾、不计利害的行事风格。随着幕末日本内外危机的不断加深,吉田松阴维护日本神国地位和天皇神圣权威的最高理想在“知行合一”精神的催迫下,终于引发了激进的倒幕行动。尽管按照严格的“学派”概念,今人无法将吉田松阴归于阳明学者之列,但他践行了王阳明“知行合一”的思想主张,是一个王阳明式的人物。

Yoshida shōin's idea and action of overthrowing the shogunate are closely related to the military science and Yomei-gaku in his thoughts.His childhood education of Yamagaryu military science made him form a firm faith of divine land,the idea of reverence for the emperor and the sense of duty.The thought of“inseparability of knowledge and practice”of Yomei-gaku shaped Yoshida shōin's behavior style of acting without hesitation and regardless of interests.With the increasingly acute internal contradictions of the feudal system of the shogunate and the gradual deepening of the external crisis,Yoshida shōin's highest ideal of safeguarding Japan's divine status and the emperor's authority was urged by the spirit of“inseparability of knowledge and practice”,which finally triggered his action of overthrowing the Shogunate.Yoshida shōin's experiences and thoughts reflect many differences between China and Japan on the eve of modern times,which means that in the same time dimension,due to the differences in cultural traditions and the degree of social crisis,“inseparability of knowledge and practice”can only lead to actions worthy of the name in Japan.