也门犹太人阿利亚运动:嬗变与动因

Aliyah Movement of Yemeni Jews:Evolution and Motivation

也门犹太人是中东地区具有两千多年悠久历史传统的犹太社群,他们在20世纪上半叶的阿利亚运动中离开也门,逐渐融入巴勒斯坦犹太社会及之后1948年建立的以色列国。也门犹太人阿利亚运动的历史嬗变,根据不同历史时期差异化的移民规模、移民动力和移民方式,可划分为三个历史阶段。也门犹太人阿利亚运动的动因具有多维性:现代犹太复国主义思想影响下的犹太国家观念觉醒与转向是主要的认同动因;弥赛亚思想观念为早期阿利亚运动提供了宗教情感动力;阿犹族际关系恶化引发的生存困境是阿利亚运动的现实动因;巴勒斯坦伊休夫和以色列政府推动的人口移民战略,以及国际犹太人组织提供的支援,为阿利亚运动实施提供了移民接收国、外部援助和物质条件。正是在这些多维动因共同影响下,也门犹太人通过阿利亚运动重返“故土”,尝试融入以色列多元文化社会,而在“大熔炉”环境之下,他们面临着社会融入、认同调适等族群地位平等化的挑战。

Yemeni Jews are a Jewish community that has lasted for more than 2,600years.They left Yemen during the Aliyah movement in the first half of the 20th century,and gradually integrated into the Jewish society of Palestine and the State of Israel established in 1948.The historical evolution of the Aliyah movement of Yemeni Jews can be divided into three historical stages.The motives of the Aliyah movement of Yemeni Jews are multidimensional:the awakening and turning of the concept of the Jewish state under the influence of modern Zionism is the main source of identity;the survival dilemma caused by the deterioration of inter-ethnic relations between the Arabs and Jews is the real motivation of the Aliyah movement;the religious drive under the influence of messianic ideas provided the power for the early 09.7 Aliyah movement;The population immigration strategy promoted by the Palestinian Yishuv and the Israeli government,as well as the support provided by the International Jewish Organization,provided immigration receiving countries,external assistance and material conditions for the implementation of the Aliyah movement.It is under the combined influence of these multi-dimensional motivations that Yemeni Jews returned to their“homeland”through the Aliyah movement and tried to integrate into Israel's multicultural society.However,under the“melting pot”environment,they faced social integration,identity adjustment and other ethnic equalization challenge.