足利义持对明断交与其内外政策的联动——15世纪前期明日外交中断原因新探

The Breaking of Diplomatic Relations to Ming Dynasty by Ashikaga Yoshimochi and the Linkage of His Internal and External Policies——A New Probe into the Cause of Diplomatic Interruption between Ming and Japan in the Early 15th Century

足利义持并非继位之初便决心与明朝断交,其付诸实践的契机是支持对明贸易的幕府管领斯波义将去世。足利义持时期,日本国内将军与守护大名的权力结构不同于前代,禁倭政策变得难以维系,这是停止对明外交的现实原因。再者,足利义持为对抗后南朝势力,致力于抬升天皇家的政治地位,就必须避免因接受明朝册封而引发“日本国王”与天皇关系的难题。足利义满的对明外交建立在其专制权力之上,本身具备特殊的历史条件,足利义持只是在特殊条件消失之后,促使足利幕府回归到原有的状态。足利义教继位后,上述问题基本得到解决,为明日外交进入新的阶段准备了条件。

Ashikaga Yoshimochi(足利义持)was not determined to break the diplomatic relations with Ming Dynasty at the beginning of his succession.The opportunity to put it into practice was that Shiba Yoshimasa(斯波义将),who supported foreign trade,had died.During the period of Ashikaga Yoshimochi,the power structure between Shōgun(将军)and Shugo Daimyō(守护大名)was different from that of the previous generation,and the policy of banning Japanese pirates became difficult,which was the realistic reason why he had to stop the diplomacy with Ming Dynasty.Moreover,in order to resist the Go-nanchōRegime(后南朝),Yoshimochi tried to raise the political status of Tennōke Family(天皇家).He must avoid the problem of the relationship between the King of Japan and the Emperor caused by Ming Dynasty's canonization.The Ming-Japan relation during Ashikaga Yoshimitsu's(足利义满)rule was established on the basis of his autocracy,and it was achieved under unique historical conditions.However,when such conditions vanished during Ashikaga Yoshimochi's reign,the Ashikaga shogunate was forced to restore its original status.In the period of Ashikaga Yoshinori(足利义教),the above problems were basically solved,which laid the foundation for restoration of diplomatic relations with Ming Dynasty.