亨利二世司法改革与财产权保护

Henry II’s Judicial Reform and Property Right Protection

12世纪后半叶,英王亨利二世在英格兰推行司法改革,将巡回法庭、陪审制度和令状制度等引入司法审判程序中,这不仅提升了司法审判的效率,增加司法审判带来的收益,还使王室法庭承接到大量诉讼,从而让王室法庭在与教会法庭和领主法庭等法庭系统的竞争中取得优势。随着王室司法权的扩张,隶属于国王的司法官员队伍得以扩展,中央集权得到加强。然而,王室司法权的扩张并未对自由人和维兰的财产权造成侵害,他们的财产权反而因司法程序的改进和令状司法化而得以强化。财产权保护为有别于国王、大贵族和教会的市民社会的兴起奠定了法律基础。

In the second half of the 12th century,HenryⅡ,the King of England,carried out judicial reform in England,introducing the circuit court,jury system and writ system into the judicial proceedings.These not only improved the efficiency of the judicial trial and increased the benefits brought by the judicial trial,but also made the royal court absorb a large number of lawsuits,thus allowing the royal court to gain an advantage in the competition with the church court,the lord court and other court system.With the expansion of the royal judicial power,the ranks of judicial officials belonging to the king were expanded,and the centralization of power was strengthened.However,the expansion of the royal judicial power did not infringe the property rights of the free people and Villan.On the contrary,their property rights were strengthened by the improvement of judicial procedures and the judicialization of writs.The protection of property rights has laid a legal foundation for the rise of a civil society different from kings,great nobles and churches.