“关东州”及满铁附属地公学堂历史教科书的变迁

Changes in History Textbooks of Public Schools in Kwantung Leased Territory and Manchuria Railway Dependencies

日俄战争后,日本针对东北地区其辖内的中国人兴建初等教育机构公学堂。自20世纪20年代,“关东州”公学堂使用独立编纂的历史教科书,凸显女真族三次建立独立政权的历史,强化东北地区与日本的历史渊源。另一方面,满铁附属地因被中国人居住区包围,为避免刺激中国人的排日情绪,最初采用民国历史教科书,删除其中的排日记事与三民主义内容。九一八事变后,日本南满洲教育会教科书编辑部发行新版《历史教科书》,上册将“满洲史”独立,下册将中国史划入东洋史范畴,与日本史、朝鲜史并列。新版《历史教科书》适用于“关东州”内外,甚至在伪满政权的“国定教科书”编纂完成之前,作为“审定教材”暂时使用。日本当局试图通过历史教科书的灌输,扶植亲日势力,进而切断东北与其他地区的联系,将中国东北历史与日本历史嫁接,其侵略满蒙的野心昭然若揭。

Japan established the Public schools in Northeast China after the Russo-Japanese War.Since the 1920s,public schools used history textbooks compiled independently in order to highlight the history of Jurchen to establish an independent regime three times.The ultimate goal was to strengthen historical relations between Northeast China and Japan.On the other hand,due to the fact that Manchurian Railway was surrounded by Chinese residential areas,Japanese educational institutions used history textbooks compiled by the Republic of China,in which Three Principles of the People and some narratives against Japan were deleted in order to avoid stimulating anti-japanese sentiments.After the Mukden Incident,the Textbook Editorial Department of Southern Manchuria Education Association issued a new History,in which Manchuria history was independent in the first volume,while in the second volume China was included in the category of Oriental history,side by side with Japanese and Korean history.The new History was used in Northeast China before the compilation of National Textbooks completed,the purpose of which was to cut off China’s internal connections and graft Manchuria history and Japanese history.This was the main content of Japan’s policy of invading Manchuria and Mongolia.