在“文明”的诉求中诠释“武士道”——新渡户稻造与梁启超的“武士道论”

Interpretation of Bushido in the Appeal of Civilization——On the Bushido Theory of Nitobe Inazou and Liang Qichao

19世纪末至20世纪初,西方"文明论"盛行,中日两国也分别遭遇了西方"文明"话语霸权的质疑。如何与欧美"文明"世界建立趋利避害的关系框架,为国家发展捕捉时机,衍生出了新渡户稻造与梁启超的"武士道论"。两个"武士道论"的相同之处在于,二者都将武士道看作本民族的传统精神,但需要重新诠释为民族文化传统,寻求与西方文化的同一性,拉近与本国与欧美的距离,接纳西方"文明"。不同国度、不同视角与立场使两部武士道著作呈现出核心观念与著述风格上的差异。这种差异与二者诉求对象不同、本人经历不同有关,从根本上说,则源于中日两国近代在生存环境、国际地位以及国家发展面临的不同课题。

At the end of the 19 th century to the beginning of the 20 th century,Civilization Theory prevailed upon the West.China and Japan have also encountered doubts about the hegemony of Western Civilization discourse.How to establish a relationship framework of the European and American Civilized world to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages,and seize the opportunity for national development,has derived the Bushido Theory of Nitobe Inazou and Liang Qichao.The similarity between the two“Bushido theories”is that they both regard Bushido as the traditional spirit of their own nation,and at the same time they reinterpret the national cultural traditions to find the sameness between traditional culture and Western culture.Different countries,different perspectives and different positions lead to the differences in the core concepts and writing styles of the two Bushido works.The reasons for the difference is that they have different pursuers and different personal experiences.Fundamentally speaking,it is the different problems faced by China and Japan in their modern living environment,international status and national development.