民国时期知识精英的乡土课程实验:以歌谣为例

The Local Curriculum Experiment of Intellectual Elites in the Period of Republic of China:A Case Study of Folksongs

当今中国存在乡土文化流失的问题,乡土课程建设成为振兴乡土文化的重要渠道和举措。以歌谣研究为个案来考察民国时期知识精英的乡土课程实验,可以丰富课程史研究议题,深化乡土课程理解。民国时期知识精英开展乡土课程实验的成功经验包括三点:第一,知识精英能够扎根于地方文化教育传统,且接受西方乡土文化思潮的影响。这促发知识精英产生乡土文化自觉意识和视界的转向。第二,以歌谣为代表的乡土文化研究能够在学界顺利开展,与知识精英在教育界中得到中小学界以及社会教育界的支持密切有关。学校教师及民众教育人士开展了歌谣学研究,搜集、整理了大量的民间歌谣,并将之作为学校教材以及民众读物的内容。第三,歌谣课程实验的知识根基是历时已久的现代乡土学术研究。同时,这场知识精英主导的乡土课程实验也面临了诸多挫折,虽然得到学界的大力支持,但还是遭遇部分保守知识分子与世人的排斥与不理解,这使得课程实验的开展面临困难。

The loss of local culture exists in contemporary China,which makes construction of local curriculum an important channel and measure to local culture revitalization.The successful experience of the intellectual elites in the Republic of China who carried out the local curriculum experiment included three aspects:firstly,the intellectual elites could take root in the local culture and education tradition,and accepted the influence of western local culture,which promoted the intellectual elite’s consciousness of local culture and the change of vision;secondly,the rise and popularity of local culture research represented by folksongs in the academic field was closely related to the the great support from the educators;thirdly,the knowledge foundation of folksong curriculum experiment was the long-standing modern local academic research paradigm.At the same time,the local curriculum experiment led by the intellectual elites also faced many setbacks.Although it was strongly supported by the academic elites,it still encountered the exclusion and incomprehension of some conservative intellectuals and the mass,which led to the difficulties in the fieldwork of local culture and the development of curriculum experiment.