高考招生区域差异政策制定的理论逻辑与现实境遇

Theoretical Analysis and Practical Basis of Policy Making of Regional Differences in College Entrance Examination Enrollment

考试公平还是区域公平是高考招生政策公平性论争的关键。根据罗尔斯的正义论,考试公平的适用前提是教育公平,否则只能是形式上的公平。区域公平要求高考招生对西部进行倾斜,是机会均等原则的本来要求,也是补偿原则的现实体现。空间分化、经济发展水平差异和教育资源配置等事实表明我国区域发展很不平衡,这是实施高考差别招生政策的根本原因。尽管高考扩招显著提高了所有省份的入学率,但东西部差距依然较大。不过,高考招生区域差异政策也取得了实质成效,在精英大学入学率方面,东中西部已不存在实质性差异,该政策在保证区域公平的同时也实现了优秀人才选拔的目的。

Examination fairness or regional fairness is key to understanding the debate on the fairness of college entrance examination admission policy.According to Rawls’theory of justice,the application premise of fair examination is fair education,it would otherwise stay at the surface level.Regional equity requires that the enrollment policy of college entrance examination should take care of the west,which reflects the inherent requirement of the principle of equal opportunity and the principle of compensation.Regional imbalance of development is reflected in the difference at the levels of space,economic development and allocation of educational resources,which constitutes the fundamental reason for the implementation of differential enrollment policies.Although overall enrollment rates of all provinces have increased significantly after the expansion of college enrollment,the gap between the east and the west is still noticeable.Nevertheless,the policy regarding regional differences in college entrance examination enrollment has achieved substantial results.In terms of the enrollment rates of elite universities,there is no substantial difference between the eastern,central and western regions.This policy guarantees regional fairness and also achieves the goal of selecting excellent talents.