二孩家庭儿童社会适应的特点及影响因素

Is the Development of Later-born Better? Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Social Adaptation of Preschool Children from Two-child Families

了解"全面二孩"政策背景下二孩家庭儿童的发展差异是促进儿童发展的基本保障,亦是贯彻落实人口新政配套政策体系的重要诉求。本研究以3818个二孩家庭为研究对象,运用问卷调查法,考察二孩家庭儿童社会适应特点及其影响因素。结果表明:二胎儿童的社会适应水平更高,社会能力显著高于头胎儿童,愤怒攻击、焦虑退缩显著低于头胎儿童;头胎儿童中,适应不良型占比最高;二胎儿童中,适应良好型和适应一般型占比较高;家庭环境和父母积极教养对二孩家庭儿童社会适应的解释率均大于出生次序的解释率,且父母积极教养的解释率最高。为促进二孩家庭儿童的社会适应,家庭、幼儿园、社区三大系统应协力共创适宜的教育环境。

Understanding the developmental differences of children from two-child families under the background of the two-child policy is the basic guarantee for promoting children’s development,and is also an important requirement for implementing the supporting policy system of the new population policy.Based on 3818 sample of the two-child families,the social adaptation characteristics and influencing factors of children from families with a second child were investigated by questionnaire survey.The results showed that the second-born children’s social adaptation and social ability were significantly higher than those of the first-born children,and the anger aggression and anxiety withdrawal were significantly lower than those of the first-born children.Maladaptive type accounted for the highest proportion in first-borns.The proportion of well-adapted and general-adapted children was the highest.After controlling individual gender and age,the explanatory rate of family environment and positive parenting on the children’s social adaptation in two-child family was higher than that of birth order,and the explanatory rate of positive parenting was the highest.In order to promote the social adaptation of children in two-child families,parents,preschools and communities should work together to create a suitable educational environment.