提问与问题——《论语》所见孔门弟子发问探析

Problematize the Problematic: Exploration to the Questions Raised by Confucius’ Disciples in The Analects

"问—答"作为教学展开的基本方式,不仅在传统教育中具有至关重要的地位,还伴随教学组织形式及教学媒介手段的演进而历久弥新。作为中国传统"语录体"教育文献的典型代表,《论语》中留存的孔门师生问对记录有着丰富的教育教学意蕴。从"发问者"的角度阅读和分析《论语》,不仅有助于体察其文本的编撰特点,还可以得见孔门核心弟子群体的性格特点与才能倾向,也能据以考察弟子发问的方式及其关怀的重要主题,更可以对照解析孔子的应答方式与策略,以及经由此类师生问对,探析如何将原典儒学的基础命题与义理渐次展开。

As the basic form of teaching,“inquiry-response”not only occupied a pivotal position in traditional education,but has also been constantly refreshing in accordance with the evolution of the organizational forms and intermediary tools for teaching.The Analects,a typical representative of educational literatures in“conversational style”in traditional China,preserves rich implications for education and teaching in the conversations amongst the master and his disciples.Reading and analyzing The Analects text from the questioners’angle would not only reveal the characters and aptitudes of the core group of the disciples,but also help to investigate the ways they applied to inquire and the key issues the concerned.Moreover,this approach can also observe Confucius’responses in parallel and thus investigate how the fundamental propositions and principles of the original Confucianism were unfolded through these conversations.