我国中小学师德建设政策内容与政策工具:基于8份重要政策文本的分析

Policy Content and Policy Tools of Teachers’ Morality Construction in Primary and Middle Schools——Analysis Based on Eight Important Policy Texts

本文选取《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020年)》颁布以来有代表性的8份重要政策文件,就其中有关中小学教师师德建设内容,展开横向X政策工具维度(命令性工具、激励性工具、能力建设工具、系统变化工具和劝告工具)和纵向Y政策内容维度(师德教育、师德评价、师德监管、师德激励和师德保障)的二维分析。研究发现,我国师德建设中政策工具配置较为齐全,师德建设内容较为全面,不同工具和内容之间的比重差异显著,并且不同政策内容使用的政策工具侧重点不一。建议未来有关师德建设的政策要优化政策工具使用结构,均衡考虑政策内容要素,适配师德建设工具和内容,提升师德建设政策的有效性、合理性和契合性。

This research selects eight representative important policy texts since the promulgation of the Medium and Long-term National Educational Reform and Development Plan(2010-2020)and analyzes the horizontal X policy tool dimension(authority tools,incentive tools,capacity tools,system change tools and suasion tools)and vertical Y policy content dimension(morality education,morality evaluation,morality supervision,morality incentives and morality support)focusing on the content of teachers’morality construction.The findings reveal that the configuration of policy tools and the content in the teachers’morality construction are relatively complete and comprehensive;different policy content and tools are significantly disproportional and the policy tools vary depending on the specific policy content The study suggests that in the future teachers’morality construction policy should optimize the applying structure of policy tools,consider the policy contents elements of the policy in a balanced manner and adapt the tools and contents to teachers’morality construction in order to enhance effectiveness,rationality and compatibility of the policy.