童年考古学的发展及其教育意蕴

The Archaeology of Childhood’s Development and Its Educational Implication

童年考古学萌芽于20世纪70年代,是仅有四十余年发展历史的研究领域。在考古学的女性研究和社会科学领域的童年研究的推动下,儿童从考古学的边缘转变为研究的中心。童年考古学为多学科视角的童年研究增添了考古学的维度,并且带来了方法论上的突破和观念上的更新。童年考古学认为,儿童既受到社会文化的作用、成人的影响,也为社会做出贡献、带来文化创新。童年考古学是在物质文化的基础上研究儿童的新视角,能够促进包括儿童教育者在内的所有成人创设有利于儿童生长的物质文化。这需要反思成人为儿童构建的物质文化,认识儿童自身对物质文化的创造,最终实现儿童和成人对物质文化的共构。

The archaeology of childhood,which was born in 1970 s,is an emerging discipline that has been developed for only 40 years.Influenced by the study of women in the archaeology and the promotion of childhood study in the social sciences,children are moved from the edge to the center in the archaeological research.The archaeology of childhood adds an archaeological dimension to the multi-disciplinary childhood study,and brings a breakthrough in the methodology and a renewal in the concept.In the view of the archaeologists of childhood,children not only are influenced by social culture,but also contribute to society and bring about cultural innovation.The archaeology of childhood is a new perspective to studying children on the basis of material culture,which can help all adults,including educators,build a material culture conducive to the growth of children.It is necessary for adults to reflect on the material culture that they create for children,to understand the material culture that created by children themselves,and finally to let children and adults participate in the construction of material culture together.