创业网络对新企业绩效的影响——基于元分析的研究

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Network on New Venture Performance: A Research Based on Meta-analysis

创业网络是社会学与管理学交叉研究中的一个重要概念,是新企业突破资源瓶颈、获取异质性资源的重要来源和渠道,对提升新企业绩效具有重要作用,但现有研究结论尚存在一定分歧。针对这一问题,本文采用元分析方法,针对2002—2019年涵盖24个不同国家和地区的67项研究,探究了创业网络对新企业绩效的影响及其边界条件。研究结果显示:(1)创业网络能够促进新企业绩效提升;(2)从国家文化看,不确定性规避、集体主义、阳刚性文化越高,创业网络对新企业绩效的提升作用越显著,而权力距离越高,创业网络对新企业绩效的提升作用越低;(3)从国家发达程度看,发展中国家情境下创业网络对新企业绩效的提升作用更显著;(4)从企业年龄看,企业年龄越大,创业网络对新企业绩效的提升作用越显著。这表明创业网络与新企业绩效的关系在不同程度上受时间和空间的影响。本文丰富和细化了创业网络的现有研究成果,在一定程度上呈现了创业网络影响新企业绩效的全貌,获得了相对综合、可靠和科学的一般性结论,对于未来深化纵向研究和情境化研究具有启发意义,同时对于新企业构建和利用创业网络具有实践意义。

Entrepreneurial network(EN)is an important concept in the cross study of sociology and management.EN is an important source and channel for start-ups to break through resource bottleneck and obtain heterogeneous resources,and is significant for improving new venture performance(NVP).Scholars have done lots of research on it based on different purposes and perspectives,but there are still differences.To address this problem,we adopt meta-analysis to explore the impact of EN on NVP and its boundary conditions,based on 67 studies covering 24 different countries and regions from 2002 to 2019.The conclusions are that:(1)EN can promote NVP.(2)Culture is an important moderator.The higher the degree of uncertainty avoidance,collectivism and masculinity,the more significant the impact of EN on NVP;while the higher the power distance,the lower the impact.(3)Compared with developed countries,the role of EN is more significant in developing countries.(4)With the growth of enterprise age,the role of EN will be enhanced.The results show that the relationship between EN and NVP is affected by time and space to varying degrees.Compared with the existing literature,our contributions are that:(1)We present the overall picture of the impact of EN on NVP to a certain extent.Based on clarifying EN,and analyzing the mechanism of each type on NVP,meta-analysis overcomes the errors caused by research design,sample selection and evaluation emphasis.According to 67 empirical studies,we evaluate the impact of EN on NVP roundly for the first time.(2)Based on the contingency theory,we reveal the contingency effect of environmental factors(culture,national development degree)and organizational characteristics(enterprise age).(3)Our results also have practical value.Entrepreneurs and teams must clarify the mechanism of EN and seek for development.For start-ups,especially those starting across countries or regions,it is necessary to consciously construct,utilize and manage EN according to culture,economy and its own characteristics.Future research directions are that:(1)Explore the potential moderators and the synergistic effect among multi-factors or multi-dimensions.(2)Strengthen the research on the dynamic evolution of EN by paying attention to longitudinal data and strengthening case studies and follow-up survey.(3)Carry out localization and contextualization research.In particular,it is suggested to study the uniqueness of EN and its impact on NVP under the joint action of Chinese entrepreneurial context and Confucian culture.