员工内部创业:前沿探析与展望

Employee Intrapreneurship: Research Frontiers and Prospects

员工内部创业是个体依托已有组织自下而上开展的商业化活动,逐渐成为组织行为和创业管理交叉领域的研究主题之一。本文以"内涵与测量—驱动前因—结果效应"框架对员工内部创业文献进行系统梳理和整合,对拓展该主题研究具有重要意义。研究发现:员工内部创业凸显组织情景依存性、自下而上主动性和活动商业化的特征,与员工的创新行为、兼职创业和独立创业存在显著区别;员工内部创业的驱动前因包括员工个体因素、依托组织因素和区域环境因素三大类,并在创业过程中分别促进或抑制意愿形成、行为产生和绩效实现;内部创业为员工和依托组织均带来"双刃剑"效应,"利之刃"和"伤之刃"两种内在矛盾机制的关键在于个体创业资源—需求的平衡点或组织对长短期利益的关注点。这些发现清晰识别内部创业者的独特性及前因后果的整体性框架,为深化员工内部创业研究提供基础性铺垫和有益参考方向。

Based on their own research purposes,scholars have carried out a variety of interpretations on employee intrepreneurship,resulting in the unclear boundary between concepts and the lack of a unified paradigm.Therefore,based on the framework of"connotation and measurement–driving antecedents–outcome effect",this paper systematically sorts out and integrates the existing knowledge in the field of employee intrepreneurship and discovers the new knowledge according to the systematic literature review method,and the 127 literatures obtained from the mainstream English databases(e.g.Web of Science)and the China National Knowledge Internet.The conclusions are as follows:Firstly,there are behaviorism and consequentialism in the definition of employee intrepreneurship,which is characterized by organizational context dependence,bottom-up initiative and commercialization of activity.It is different from independent entrepreneurship and part-time entrepreneurship in terms of expected return,risk aversion,entrepreneurial ability perception,business opportunity identification and role characteristics.Secondly,based on the behaviorism and consequentialism,the perception measurement of employee intrepreneurship can be divided into three dimensions and two dimensions,which is difficult to reflect the uniqueness of employee intrepreneurship.Thirdly,employee intrepreneurship includes intention formation,behavior generation and performance realization.The antecedents of these three stages involve employees’individual characteristics,organizational factors and regional environment.Fourth,intrepreneurship has a dual effect on employees and supporting organizations.The implications are that:Firstly,the dual roles of employee and entrepreneur in time and space point out the direction to identify and cultivate intrepreneurs.Secondly,an organization can start from individual or organizational factors to set off the revolution of work scene driving intrepreneurship.Thirdly,senior managers need to be good at combining the top-down guidance of organizational entrepreneurship with the bottom-up intrepreneurship of employees to achieve the win-win situation.The future directions are that:To dynamically analyze the unique identity construction process of intrepreneurs according to the role theory;to develop the accurate measurement scales for employee intrepreneurship;to reveal the interaction of antecedents of employee intrepreneurship and the chain driven mechanism from intrepreneurial intention,behavior to performance;to explore how the negative effects of employee intrepreneurship can be extended to organization;to explore the new changes and new issues of employee intrepreneurship in the digitalization and platformalization background.The contributions are that:Focusing on identifying the uniqueness of intrepreneurship in the organizational context and regional environment,this paper proposes a holistic framework to drive the intention formation,behavior generation and performance realization of employee intrepreneurship,and refines the outcome effects from intrepreneurial employee and supporting organization,which provides a basis for deepening the research on employee intrepreneurship.