创业拼凑还是效果逻辑?理论适用条件与未来展望

Entrepreneurial Bricolage or Effectuation? Theoretical Applications and Future Prospects

创业拼凑和效果逻辑作为新兴创业理论,为强资源约束和高不确定创业情境特征下的创业行为逻辑搭建了初步理论框架,为传统创业模型解释不了的创业现象提供了有力的解释,在构建创业研究学术版图和领域属性方面发挥着重要作用。两个理论尚处于演绎发展阶段,其理论适用条件仍有待明晰。本文分别从理论溯源、内涵界定、行为主体、适用情境和过程模型五个方面对创业拼凑理论和效果逻辑理论的相关研究进行了系统的梳理,对两个理论的适用条件展开了深入的比较分析,并就个体特质、组织特征、诱发情境、资源管理过程和行为结果等方面提出了未来研究方向。本研究既深化了两个理论的深度,使理论应用有的放矢,就两个理论的未来研究提出了值得探索的议题,又对完善理论体系有一定的助力。

Entrepreneurship has become a major and popular domain of research.Entrepreneurial bricolage and effectuation offer two new perspectives for exploring the actions and logic that underlie entrepreneurial behaviors.However,these two theories are still developing and their boundaries are ambiguous.This study compares them from theoretical origins,connotations,actors,situations and models to further clarify their boundaries and conclude with some directions for future research.We have made the following contributions:(1)We clarify the boundary conditions of the two theories;(2)We make a contribution to the development of these two theories for making several suggestions for future research.The comparisons are as follows:①Heoretical origins.We conclude that bricolage is the evolution of resource theories while effectuation is built on bounded rationality.②Theoretical connotations.Bricolage explains the behavior that entrepreneurs make use of resources at hand in an innovative way actively to conquer resource scarcity;effectuation gives explanation to the behavior that entrepreneurs make decisions depending on their means at hand so as to create opportunities.③Bricoleurs are the"expert"of resources at hand and effectuators are the"expert"of entrepreneurship.④Bricolage settles the resource scarcity environment and effectuation handles with environment uncertainty.⑤Models.The model of bricolage is one-way linear and has a clarified and predetermined target.Its outcome is the completion of such a"target".The model of effectuation is circular and has no specific end.Its outcome is the creation of new opportunities.To conclude,we offer several directions for future research:(1)Individual factors.Future research could study the effect of one’s depth and width of knowledge and the types and richness of one’s entrepreneurial experience on entrepreneurial behaviors and decisions.(2)Organizational characteristics.Another approach would be to explore the implications of reputation,resource slack,the looseness of inner organizational environment and the exploration in organizational learning for the choice of bricolage and effectuation.(3)Environment.A third approach would be the probability of selecting bricolage and effectuation under the rapid changing industrial environment,the transitional economic environment,and the environment of high tolerance for failure.(4)Resource management.A fourth avenue is to explore whether there is a difference between strategic resource management and entrepreneurial resource management,whether entrepreneurial resources could evolve into strategic resources,and what are the strategies during the transforming period.(5)Negative effect.A final implication suggests that future research could test the negative effect of bricolage and effectuation on acquiring legitimacy,and the negative effect of conflicts between stakeholders and the use of contingencies on entrepreneurial activities.