环境与组织因素组态效应对公司创业的影响——一项模糊集的定性比较分析

The Impact of Environmental and Organizational Configuration on Corporate Entrepreneurship:A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis

公司创业已成为新时期推动企业塑造新优势的重要手段,然而,对于如何激活公司创业这一问题一直没有得到有效解决。本文以20家企业为案例样本,运用模糊集的定性比较分析方法,探讨了环境与组织两个层面的五个条件的组态效应对公司创业活跃度差异的多重并发因素和因果复杂机制。研究发现:(1)机会识别能力是影响高公司创业活跃度的必要条件;缺乏内部创业文化是导致非高公司创业活跃度的必要条件。(2)高公司创业活跃度的驱动机制分为3条路径,揭示了五个条件因素的不同组态可以产生多种实现高公司创业活跃度的路径。(3)非高公司创业活跃度的驱动机制分为2条路径,且与高公司创业活跃度的驱动机制存在非对称因果关系。本文的研究结论有助于拓展环境与组织匹配的创业视角,为企业如何有效激发创业活力提供了有价值的启示。

The Chinese government is actively promoting the high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship,and encouraging large and medium-sized enterprises to start businesses in order to achieve the strategic revival of enterprises.However,how to activate corporate entrepreneurship has not been effectively addressed.Taking 20 Chinese enterprises as case samples,this study adopts the qualitative comparative analysis method of fuzzy sets,uses Timmons’entrepreneurial process model for reference,and incorporates employee engagement and entrepreneurial culture into the theoretical model of corporate entrepreneurship for the first time.Starting from the environmental and organizational levels,it reconfigures the two levels by using the method of configuration thinking and QCA.Five conditional factors are discussed,including multiple concurrent factors and complex causal mechanisms,which lead to the difference of entrepreneurial activity.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Different from the corporate entrepreneurship of developed countries in Europe and America,Chinese enterprises have their own unique growth and competitive advantages.The opportunity recognition capability is a necessary condition for Chinese enterprises to start their own businesses.Internal entrepreneurial culture is not a necessary condition for Chinese enterprises to start their own businesses.However,the lack of internal entrepreneurial culture is a necessary condition for generating non-high corporate entrepreneurial activity.(2)The driving mechanism of high corporate entrepreneurial activity can be divided into three paths.The driving mechanism of non-high corporate entrepreneurial activity has two paths,and there is an asymmetric relationship between the driving mechanism and high corporate entrepreneurial activity,that is,the non-high corporate entrepreneurial activity cannot be directly deduced from the opposite of the causes of high corporate entrepreneurial activity.The reason is that this research paradigm improves the explanatory power of the corporate entrepreneurship phenomenon,and helps to explore the similar entrepreneurship phenomenon under the influence of many factors in the future.In addition,the conclusions of this study provide important reference value for Chinese business managers to make strategic decisions on entrepreneurship,and provide a variety of ways for enterprises to effectively activate their entrepreneurial activity.