司法认同的期望象征 反思“无偏倚性”程序策略

Expectation Symbol of Judicial Identity Reflection on the Procedural Strategy of “Impartiality”

从分配正义的角度来看,就权力合法性展开的辩护必须要经过每个人两种内在立场(利己性与公共性)的检验,权力不能仅仅自诩具有“无偏倚性”就任意制造每个人内在的分裂和冲突,而应当努力谋求能够对之加以整合的整体性立场,这在政治构想上形成了基于相互性立场的道德推理方式。其理由在于,相互同意的平等性与开放选择性使得每个人都可以想象当自己处于那个需要就公共权力之行使给出理由或者表示接受的角色位置时,自己会如何做出判断,从而形成一种既明确纳入每个人自己的理性考虑,同时又能够通过“无偏倚性”立场检验的公共选择。以此观之,司法越是以一种高度同质化的决策权力的“无偏倚性”作为自我正当化的程序策略,其越可能在零和的利益博弈中面临不足为信的认同困境;反之,司法程序越是愿意以开放参与和结构分化的决策象征给当事人提供自我伸张的想象空间,并使之纳入经过相互性检验的整体性立场之中,就越具有整合认同的程序张力。

From the perspective of distributive justice,the defense of the legitimacy of power must be tested by everyone’s two internal positions(self-interestedness and altruism),where power should not arbitrarily create everyone’s internal division and conflict just by boasting of“impartiality”,but should strive to seek an integrated position,which forms a moral reasoning method based on the position of reciprocity in political conception.The reason is that the equality and open selectivity of mutual consent enable everyone to imagine how they will make their own judgment when they are in the role position that needs to give reasons or express acceptance for the exercise of public power,so as to form a way that can not only be clearly incorporated into everyone’s own rational consideration,but also through“impartiality”public choice of position test.From this point of view,the more justice takes the“impartiality”of a highly homogeneous decision-making power as the procedural strategy of self-justification,the more likely it is to face the identification dilemma of“lack of trust”in the zero-sum interest game.On the contrary,the more self-expanding imagination space the judicial process is provided to the parties with the symbol of open participation and structural differentiation,and brings it into the overall position tested by reciprocity,the more procedural tension of integration and identification there wIll be.