行政法上的善意履职原则研究

On the Possibility of Avoiding the Consequence in Negligent Crimes

作为法律实施的重要方式,行政行为应遵循合法、合理和程序正当等行政法基本原则,但这些原则对行政行为作成机制中的主体性要素,即行政机关和公职人员的主观状态,以及角色与功能的契合度等职业伦理问题关注明显不足,导致法律实施效果不彰。为此,应尽快完善行政组织法、行政程序法和行政伦理法,确立和建构善意履职原则,规范和引导公职人员善意行使职权,以形成对抗形式主义和官僚主义的有效法律机制。从正向看,善意履职原则的内涵是:忠实地实施法律,公平公正、尽职尽责;有意探寻并诚实说明所有的相关考虑;真诚认可并努力使行为符合法律的目的。从反向看,"非善意"履职包括对公民的冷漠、对公务的敷衍、对自利的掩饰等。可以通过向下授权、提高专业化水平、简化科层等方式,并确立不良或非善意行为的调查、职业伦理的评价与指导、考核与问责联动等机制,促进善意履职。

As an important requirement of legal implementation,administrative act should follow the basic principles of administrative law,such as lawful,reasonable,procedural and just.However,these basic principles do not pay enough attention to professional ethics issues such as the subjective elements of administrative act formation mechanism,that is,the subjective state of administrative organs and public officials,as well as the fit betweenroles and functions.Therefore,they have great limitations,leading to the ineffective effect of legal implementation.In order to improve the effectiveness of legal implementation,the principle of execution of duty in good faith should be adopted.From a positive perspective,there are three connotations of the principle of execution of duty in good faith:(1)faithfully implementing the law,being fair,just and conscientious;(2)intentionally exploring and honestly stating all relevant considerations;(3)honest acknowledgment and efforts to make be consistent with the purposes of the law.On the contrary,the execution of duties in bad faith includes indifference to citizens,perfunctory performance of official duties,covering up for self-interest and avoidance of problems.Therefore,we should work more on the administrative procedural law,administrative organic law and administrative ethics as soon as possible,establish and construct the principle of execution of duty in good faith,regulate and guide the public officials to exercise their functions and powers,so as to form the most effective legal mechanism against formalism and bureaucratism.