食品安全监督抽检制度的规范建构基于行政过程论视角的分析

Standard Construction of the Sampling System for Food Safety Supervision From the Perspective of Administrative Process

食品安全监督抽检作为食品安全监管过程中的关键环节,肩负着发现食品安全问题和实施有效监管措施之衔接的重任。随着抽检范围和抽检数量的不断扩大,食品安全监督抽检面临的合法性危机日益严峻。行政行为形式理论研究范式下的既有研究,无论"行政确认说"抑或"行政调查说"都是对处于末端环节的检验行为之检视,无法完整揭示食品安全监督抽检过程性构造的全貌。行政过程论视野下的食品安全监督抽检包含着作为内部行政行为的行政抽样和作为具体行政行为的行政检验,其所形成的否定性检验结论通常作为实施后续行政监管措施(行政处罚为主)的主要事实依据。对此,食品安全监督抽检制度应当从创设准据、适用范围、程序规范和救济管道等方面建构合法性控制机制,以确保其能够持续作用于我国食品安全保障的系统工程。

Food sampling inspection,as a crucial link in the process of food safety supervision,plays an important role in finding food safety problems and implementing effective supervision measures.With the expanding scope and quantity of sampling inspection,the legitimacy crisis of food sampling inspection becomes even more serious.The existing researches under the theoretical research paradigm of the form of administrative behavior,which contain the"administrative confirmation theory"and the"administrative investigation theory",is an analysis of the inspection behavior at the terminal part,failing to fully reveal the nature of the phased structure of food sampling inspection.From the perspective of administrative process theory,the sampling inspection due to food safety supervision includes administrative sampling as internal administrative acts and administrative inspection as specific administrative acts.Thereinto,the negative test conclusion usually serves as the main factual basis for the implementation of the follow-up administrative supervision measures.Therefore,food sampling inspection system should establish the legality control mechanism from the aspects of the basis for the formulation,the scope of the application,the specification of the procedure and the method of the relief,ensuring that it can continue to improve food safety assurance in China.