立法能力的内涵、构成与提升以人大立法为视角

Legislative Capacity’s Connotation,Components and Promotion A Perspective from NPC Lawmaking

立法能力是国家治理能力的重要组成部分,是立法者在立法过程中完成立法目的、满足立法需求所体现出来的本领和能量,表现为立法的生产力。立法兼具政治性与法律性、专业性与综合性、理论性与实践性,需要综合性的立法能力作为支撑。立法能力涵括认知能力、决策能力、起草能力、协调能力、论证能力、审议能力、解释能力。立法能力问题需要置于宏观的宪法体制中加以考察。提升立法者的立法能力是一项系统工程,面对中国的问题,立法者立法能力的提升,有赖于对影响立法能力的制度、体制、机制等进行整体改进与完善。

Legislative capacity is an important part of national governance capacity,the ability and influence of legislators to complete the legislative purpose and meet the legislative needs in the legislative process,and represents the productivity of legislation.The legislation is both political and legal,professional and comprehensive,theoretical and practical,etc.,and thus require comprehensive legislative capabilities a supporting framework.Legislative capacity comprises different capabilities,including cognitive,decision-making,drafting,coordination,demonstration,deliberation,and interpretation capability.Meanwhile,legislative capacity needs to be reviewed in specific macro constitutional regimes.Improving the legislative capacities is systematic engineering;it must be positioned to deal with the Chinese questions and depends on the overall promoting and optimizing of the institutions,regimes,and mechanisms that influence legislative capacity.