失独家庭老年人生存状况与长期照护需求

Living conditions and long-term care needs of the elderly from the lost only-child families

计划生育政策加剧了"失独家庭"集中涌现,随着人口老龄化加深,失独家庭老年人数量不断增加,这一特殊群体的照料问题尤为突出。本文基于2017—2020年"城市老年人长期照护服务需求问卷调查"微观数据,对比分析了失独家庭与非失独家庭的老年人生活状况与长期照护需求。研究发现:失独家庭老年人多丧偶或离异,文化程度较低,家庭经济状况较差,生活质量不高,健康状况较差,医疗和养老等社会保障水平较低,对长期照护需求更大。养老服务与长期照护制度应该高度关注失独家庭老年人,将其纳入社会托底对象,保障他们老有所养。

The number of the families who have lost only child has increased more rapidly under the family planning policy.With the further intensification of population aging,the number of the elderly from the lost only-child families would continue to increase.Therefore,the care problem of the special group is particularly prominent.Based on“Urban Elderly Long-term Care Service Needs Questionnaire Survey”from 2017 to 2020,this paper analyzes the elderly from families who have not lost their only child.Compared with the elderly from the families who have not lost their only child,more research objects are widowed or divorced,less educated,poor family financial status,poor quality of life,poor health,and insufficient social security such as medical care and pension.The elderly from the lost only-child families have a greater demand for long-term care.The system of elderly care and long-term care should pay great attention to the research objects to support their basic lives.