日本儿童福祉与社会抚养制度研究

A study on the social care system of children in Japan

社会抚养是日本儿童福祉的重要组成部分,主要包括儿童保育、受虐儿童保护和单亲家庭援助等。社会抚养通过寄养家庭和儿童福利机构等形式,为那些失去双亲无依无靠的儿童,或无法在安全健康的家庭环境下成长的儿童提供容身之地和成长之家。随着维护儿童权益思想的深入人心,创造等同于家庭的养育环境的理念已成为新的国际共识。在各种各样的儿童问题面前,作为联合国《儿童权利公约》缔约国的日本,一直都在积极改善儿童社会抚养环境,并推进相关的法制革新。本文将围绕日本现状,分析和解读日本儿童福祉与社会抚养的制度特征、服务体系构建、研究课题和发展方向。

Social care is an important part of the well-being of Japanese children.The target is children who have lost their parents or who cannot grow up in a safe and healthy family environment.The main forms are foster families and child welfare institutions.The services include child care,protection of abused children and assistance to single-parent families.As the idea of protection for children’s rights enjoys popular support,the concept of creating aparenting environment equivalent to the family has become a new international consensus.When it refers to children’s problems,Japan,as a party to UNCRC,has been actively improving the social upbringing environment for children and promoting related legal reforms.Focusing on the current situation in Japan,this paper will analyze and interpret the institutional characteristics,service system construction,topics and development direction of Japanese social care.