金代长白山神庙遗址平面格局的初步研究

A Preliminary Research on the Layout of the Jin Dynasty Temple of the Changbai Mountain Deity

长白山神庙遗址位于吉林省安图县二道白河镇西北4公里,地处长白山北坡脚下,主峰正北略偏东处,距氏白山主峰直线距离约49公里。2014年起,经国家文物局批准,吉林省文物考古研究所和吉林大学边疆考古研究中心联合对长白山神庙遗址进行了数个年度有计划的考古勘探与发掘工作[1]。

An archaeological survey and excavation(2014~2017)on the Jin Dynasty Temple of the Changbai Mountain Deity shed light on the main base of the construction.It was confirmed that the site was a unit,south facing,mainly rectangular,and surrounded and concealed by outer walls.At the centre of the northern part,there is an‘H’shaped temple hall in the cloister courtyard.Its layout matched the record in the Collected Rites of the Jin Dynasty,and the construction of the temple basically originated during the Dading regnal years in the Shizong reign.This paper,comparing it with the Houtu Temple at Wanrong in Shanxi,the Zhongyue Temple at Dengfeng in Henan,the Dai Temple at Taian in Shandong,the Nanyue Temple at Hengyang in Hunan,the Xiyue Temple at Huayin in Shaanxi,and the Jidu Temple at Jiyuan in Henan,proposed that the layout of the Changbai Moutain Temple partially originated from other temples that were built from the Song Dynasty onwards to worship important mountains,towns,rivers,and seas.However,it did not compete with other mountain temples in its scale.It showed that worship of the Changbai Mountain was important in the Jin Dynasty,but it mainly focused on the ritual system and ritual practice that took place twice a year in both spring and autumn rather than the layout and scale of the temple.