舞蹈人类学

The Anthropology of Dance

伴随着西方人类学界对舞蹈的持续关注,20世纪六七十年代,舞蹈人类学被确立为人类学中的一门学科分支,其研究对象不限于原始或仪式舞蹈,而是广义舞蹈概念下的艺术形式。海伦娜·伍尔夫将舞蹈人类学研究大致分为三种类型:第一种类型是对舞蹈概念、文化语境、社会意义及功能的系统研究;第二种类型集中于对舞蹈形式进行研究,批判性地提出舞蹈研究对“运动的身体”的普遍忽视,从而强化身体实践在舞蹈人类学方法论与研究范式中的重要性,这是20世纪80年代舞蹈人类学研究的中心主题;第三种类型在上述两种路径基础上添加了对动作的文字描述和图解说明。作为一门具有跨文化、跨学科性质的学科,舞蹈人类学对舞蹈和动作的探究不断与身体和性别、种族和民族主义等理论相融合,其研究内容仍处于更新发展之中,值得我们持续深入了解。

In the 1960s and 1970s,the anthropology of dance was established as a branch of anthropology.Its research objects are not limited to primitive or ritual dance,but an art form under the broad concept of dance.According to Helena Wulff,the anthropology of dance research could be divided into three types:the f irst type is a systematic study of dance concepts,cultural context,social signif icance and function;the second type focuses on the study of choreographic form,critically proposing the general neglect of the“moving body”in dance research,thus strengthening the importance of body practice in the methodology and research paradigm of dance anthropology,and which was the central theme of dance anthropology research in the 1980s;the third type adds text descriptions and graphic illustrations of actions based on the mentioned two paths.As a cross-cultural and interdisciplinary subject,the exploration of dance and movement in the anthropology of dance has been constantly integrated with theories of body and gender,race and nationalism.Its research content is still in the process of updating and developing,which is worthy of our continuous and in-depth study.