朝鲜族“农乐”发生之厘辨

On the Origin of Nongak Dance in the Korean Ethnic Group

关于朝鲜族“农乐”的发生,学界迄今为止众说纷纭。文章首先对“农乐”之“祈愿仪式发生说”“模拟农作发生说”“乞粒演艺发生说”“军乐游戏发生说”四种主要的观点进行分析和解读,探讨四种不同观点的学理与异同,尤其重点对“祈愿仪式发生说”进行阐释;其次,检视舞蹈发生学理论,解读“起源”“发生”等相关概念,认为舞蹈的发生研究应从“缘何”“如何”“何果”等结构关系作为框架,探讨舞蹈发生的学理依据与研究理路;最后,文章提出“农乐”的发生是在以上诸说的基础上,核心要素为“农乐乐器”在不同历史和情境语境中的引入,且依照该语境中的“语法”、运用“语素”形成“语篇”,由此生成相应的“农乐”形态。在不同语境下,不同形态的“农乐”会持续发生,这也是文化的新生和再生的实践。

On the origin of Nongak Dance in the Korean ethnic group,there are many different opinions in the academic field about the occurrence of Nongak Dance,a kind of farmers’dance popular among members of the Korean diaspora.This paper starts by probing into four major views and theories on the roots of“Nongak Dance”,namely,as a“Prayer Ceremony”theory,a“Farming Simulation”,a“Begging Ritual”,and finally as a“Military Music Game”.It goes on to analyze the similarities and differences between these four theories with emphasis on the discussion of the“Prayer Ceremony”theory.Then,this paper goes on to review the theories of dance genesis,making interpretations of the“origins”and“occurrence”of dance.It postulates that the study of dance genesis should be based on the framework of the“where”,“how”and“what”of specific dances.Ultimately,the paper proposes that the core element in the development of the dance type is the introduction of“Nongak Dance instruments”in different historical and situational contexts.In different contexts,different forms of“Nongak Dance”will thus continue to occur,which is also a practice of cultural renewal and regeneration.