朝会、拜舞与道教科仪——兼论宋御制《太清道德显化仪》的考证与重建

Court Meeting,Worshiping Dance and Taoist Rituals:On the Textual Research and Reconstruction of Taiqing Moral Manifestation Instrument by the Imperial System of the Song Dynasty

朝仪是自汉代开始的朝贺皇帝礼仪。仪中再拜、舞蹈之礼合称拜舞,又谓舞蹈、蹈舞之礼,是始现于隋的朝会礼仪,作为下对上的朝拜与称贺。唐宋二朝,道教成为国家宗教,蹈舞礼亦被移植于道教科仪中,成为“朝科”中很重要的组成部分。作为国家介入编订御制道教科范的重要转折,这一历史尚未引起关注。论文对朝仪的拜舞之礼与宋代道教御制科仪《太清道德显化仪》进行了比较分析,由拜舞、执笏、山呼三部分展开讨论,梳理两者之间的关系与细节,并尝试重建局部的仪式实践。

Chaoyi is a ritual of congratulating the emperor dating back to the Han Dynasty.“Court Meeting Again”,the ceremony of dance collectively called worship dance,also called dance or dance ritual,has its beginnings in Sui Dynasty etiquette,as a frorm of worship or congratualations.In the Tang and Song Dynasties,Taoism was elevated to the national religion,and the ritual was also transplanted into the Taoist rites,and“Chaoyi”was transformed into“Chaoke”.As an important turning point of the state’s intervention in the compilation of Taoist rules,this history has not yet attracted attention.This paper makes a comparative analysis of the ritual of worshiping Wu in the Dynasty and the ritual of Taiqing Moral Manifestation Instrument in the Song Dynasty,discusses the relationship and details between the ritual of worshiping Wu,Shenghu and Shanhu,and tries to reconstruct the local ritual practice.