作为“方法”的延安文艺座谈会——以歌剧《白毛女》的文化命运为中心

Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art as a “Method”——The Cultural Fate of the Opera The White-Haired Girl

歌剧《白毛女》是延安文艺座谈会的直接产物。作为创造新歌剧的实践成果和延安新秧歌运动的逻辑展开,《白毛女》从立意、内容、体裁和形式各方面都贯彻了延安文艺座谈会精神。《白毛女》被认为是中国新歌剧的典范之作,以它为参照系的新歌剧理论争鸣,深化了对延安文艺座谈会精神的理解。同时,《白毛女》常驻舞台并被各种艺术门类征用,成为红色经典中跨门类改编最多的热门“IP”之一,使其承载的革命斗争故事得到了充分传播,更广泛地实现了延安文艺座谈会要求文艺承担的宣传、教育群众的功能。对《白毛女》文化命运的考察,让人们更清晰地看到了延安文艺座谈会作为“方法”的重要意义,对于新的历史条件下继承发扬延安文艺座谈会精神不无裨益。

The White-Haired Girl is a direct product of Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art.As the fruit derided from new opera practice and the logical extension of The Yan’an New Yangko Movement,The WhiteHaired Girl has carried out the spirit of Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art in terms of its conception,content,genre,and form.This opera has been regarded as the pinnacle of the Chinese new opera,the new opera theory originated from which deepens the understanding of the spirit of Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art.Meanwhile,being frequently staged and adopted by various artistic categories,The White-Haired Girl has been one of the most popular“IPs”among all the Red Classics.Given that it has been widely adopted in other fields of art,it managed to boost the diffusion of its revolutionary story and make the vision proposed at the Forum that literature and art production must play an advocacy and educational role a reality.An examination of the cultural fate of The White-Haired Girl establishes a clear picture of the significance of the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art as a“method”that is beneficial for the dissemination and development of the spirit of the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art under new historical conditions.