国家在场·族群互动·文化交融——粤北过山瑶盘王节仪式舞蹈及其历史建构

National System,Ethnic Interaction,and Cultural Integration——A Study of the Sacrificial Dance for the Panwang Festival of Yao Ethnics in Northern Guangdong

广东粤北过山瑶盘王节是祭祀祖先和酬神还愿的盛大仪式活动。基于田野调查与文献研究,文章对过山瑶盘王节中的祭祀舞蹈类型、动作形态、历史建构进行了分析,把盘王节祭祀中的舞蹈形态分为“原生性舞蹈”“再生性舞蹈”“新生性舞蹈”三种类型。“原生性舞蹈”的形成与瑶族人的生存及原始宗教信仰的驱动息息相关;“再生性舞蹈”的形成反映了瑶、汉文化的交流与再生产;“新生性舞蹈”的形成鲜明地体现了瑶文化向汉文化的借用与创新。三种类型舞蹈的建构历史也与国家制度、族群互动与文化交融密不可分。

The Panwang Festival of the Yao ethnic group in the mountainous northern Guangdong region is a grand ritual to worship ancestors,give thanks to gods,and cherish their collective memory.Based on field research and literature survey,this paper analyzes the types,movement forms and historical constructions in sacrificial dance for the Panwang Festival.The paper believes that:first,the sacrificial dance for the Panwang Festival can be divided into three types:primitive dance,regenerative dance,and creative dance according to their history,form and function;second,the birth of the primitive dance was closely related to the survival and development of the Yao people and their primitive religious belief,the formation of“regenerative dance”reflects the meeting of Yao and Han cultures,and the creative dance reflects the fact that the Yao ethnic people borrowed from Han culture and made innovations thereafter;and third,the history of the three types of sacrificial dance has a lot of to do with the national system,ethnic interactions and cultural integration.