国际司法裁判中“不超出请求事项”规则的多维考察

A Multidimensional Analysis of “Non Ultra Petita”Rule in International Judicial Adjudication

作为国际诉讼与仲裁的一项基本国际法规则,不超出请求事项规则具有重要的国际司法价值,其既维护当事方诉讼请求利益的充分实现,又限定国际争端解决机构管辖权的边界,还成为抗辩越权裁决的合法依据。在国际司法实践中,不超出请求事项规则可由当事方提起适用或由争端解决机构主动适用。在实质问题审理阶段,不超出请求事项规则可作为排除争端解决机构管辖权的依据。在案件审理结束后,该规则可作为否定生效裁决法律效力的理由。不超出请求事项规则的发展不仅推进了国际司法程序的进一步完善,还有利于推动国际争端和平解决的进程。因此,应充分重视和发挥该规则在国际司法裁判中的关键作用。

As a basic rule of law in international litigation and arbitration procedure,"non ultra petita"rule is of great international judicial value,the rule not only maintains the fully realized demands of interests from disputing parties involved in the case,but also limits the boundaries of jurisdiction of the international dispute settlement body,and becomes the legal basis for demurring to the adjudication ultra vires.The theoretical basis of the rule is the principles of general international law,including the principle of consent and the principle of competence.In international judicial practice,"non ultra petita"rule can be applied by the parties and on the initiative of the dispute settlement body.At the substantive stage,"non ultra petita"rule could serve as a basis for excluding the jurisdiction of the dispute settlement body.After the case is closed,the rule can also be used as a ground for denying the legal effect of an effective award."Non ultra petita"rule not only promotes the further improvement of international judicial procedures,but also facilitates the process of peaceful settlement of international disputes,it is necessary to give full attention to the key role that the rule plays in international judicial adjudication.