中世纪东方游记的虚拟朝圣现象解读——以《曼德维尔游记》为中心的考察

An Interpretation of Virtual Pilgrimage in Medieval Travel Writing:A Study of John Mandeville’s Book

虚拟朝圣是中世纪朝圣文化的重要组成部分,对中世纪晚期乃至文艺复兴欧洲的文化记忆建构具有特殊意义。《曼德维尔游记》是中世纪欧洲流传广泛的东方游记,对包括远东在内的多条朝圣路线与细节进行了极富创造性的空间演绎。本文将其放入中世纪虚拟朝圣传统中进行解读,试图论证游记作为圣地指南与道德象征的传播魅力,进而揭示朝圣叙事传统对近代早期世界观念与东方想象的深远影响。

As an important part of medieval pilgrimage culture,virtual pilgrimage had a special significance of the cultural memory in the late medieval and Renaissance European society. The Book of John Mandeville(c.1356) was the preeminent travel narrative and the most influential pilgrimage account in late medieval western Europe. With its excellent textual structure,it gives a creative literary interpretation of the pilgrimage routes in late medieval Europe. This paper interprets it in the medieval tradition of virtual pilgrimage,and tries to demonstrate the tension and spiritual influence of the account as a pilgrimage guide and devotional exercise.