丘陵山地模块化甘蔗割铺机设计与试验

Design and Test of Modular Sugarcane Cutting and Paving Machine in Hilly and Mountainous Area

针对现有甘蔗割铺机只能单向收获作业、固定切割高度、无扶蔗机构、车架结构不合理、智能化程度低等问题,设计了一种丘陵山地模块化甘蔗割铺机。整机通过合理布局和侧挂式输送形式,并由可调铺放角度的铺放装置将甘蔗铺放至割铺机后方左右两侧,实现了双向式收获作业并改善输送通道易堵塞的问题。结合甘蔗在扶蔗运动过程中的受力分析,提出了不等螺距螺旋滚筒设计,通过空间坐标变化得到螺旋线方程以及螺旋滚筒直径与安装角度;通过甘蔗输送运动分析确定了输送铺放机构作业速度、甘蔗铺放角;通过甘蔗切割机理分析得到了砍蔗机构切割形式、切割刀盘直径与转速等关键参数。整机作业幅宽设计为1100 mm,工作速度为1.8 km/h,生产效率为0.176 hm^(2)/h。样机田间试验结果表明,当前进速度452.28 mm/s、砍蔗机构转速562.12 r/min、刀盘倾角12.27°时,甘蔗割铺机破头率最低,为8.398%,工作总损失率为1.71%,整机试验过程中工作状态良好,达到整机的设计要求。

Aiming at the problems of the existing sugarcane cutting and paving machine,such as one-way harvesting operation,fixed cutting height,no sugarcane supporting mechanism,unreasonable frame structure and low intelligence,a modular sugarcane cutting and paving machine that can be remotely controlled in hilly and mountainous areas was designed.Through the reasonable layout and side-hanging conveying form of the whole machine,the sugarcane was laid to the left and right sides behind the cutter by the laying device with adjustable laying angle,so as to realize the two-way harvesting operation and improve the problem of easy blockage of the conveying channel.Combined with the force analysis of sugarcane in the process of sugarcane movement,the design of unequal pitch spiral drum was put forward.The spiral line equation,the diameter and installation angle of the spiral drum were obtained by the change of spatial coordinates.Through the analysis of sugarcane conveying motion,the working speed of the conveying and laying mechanism and the laying angle of sugarcane were determined.Through the analysis of sugarcane cutting mechanism,the key parameters such as cutting form,cutter diameter and rotation speed of sugarcane cutting mechanism were obtained.The working width of the whole machine was designed to be 1100 mm,the working speed was 1.8 km/h,and the production efficiency was 0.176 hm^(2)/h.The field test results of the prototype showed that when the forward speed was 452.28 mm/s,the rotation speed of the sugarcane cutting mechanism was 562.12 r/min,and the inclination angle of the cutter head was 12.27°,the orthogonal test response surface analysis was used to obtain the minimum head breaking rate of the sugarcane cutting machine,which was 8.398%,the total working loss rate was 1.71%,and the working state of the whole machine was good during the test,which can meet the design requirements of the whole machine.