丘陵山区自走式马铃薯联合收获机设计与通过性试验

Design and Trafficability Experiment of Self-propelled Potato Harvester in Hilly and Mountainous Areas

针对丘陵山区马铃薯联合收获机短缺、履带底盘通过性较差等问题,设计了一款包括底盘行走装置、多级输送分离装置的自走式马铃薯收获机,开展了底盘通过性和机器收获性能理论分析。首先,对收获机底盘坡地行驶、越障性能进行理论分析,获得底盘通过性的临界参数;其次,对收获过程中马铃薯运动学进行分析,得到关键工作部件的相关参数。与此同时,运用RecurDyn仿真软件对整机进行多体动力学仿真分析,获得自走式马铃薯联合收获机适用于丘陵山区横向与纵向坡地及跨越壕沟与直壁的相关运动参数。仿真结果表明:纵向坡地行驶的最大爬坡角度为28°、横向坡地行驶的最大坡度角为20°、整机跨越垂直障碍的最大高度为150 mm、最大跨越壕沟宽度为300 mm。田间试验结果表明:收获作业时伤薯率为1.92%、破皮率为2.86%。收获机满足纵向坡度25°稳定行驶要求,跨越300 mm壕沟,翻越150 mm直壁,与仿真结果保持一致,验证了仿真的准确性,满足履带马铃薯收获机行驶通过性的设计要求。该研究可为丘陵山区根茎类履带式收获机的设计提供理论基础与参考。

Aiming at the shortage of potato combine harvesters and the poor passability of caterpillar chassis in hilly and mountainous areas,a self-propelled potato harvester with chassis walking device and multistage conveying and separating device was designed,and the passability of chassis and harvestability were analyzed theoretically.Firstly,the performance of harvester chassis driving on slope and obstacle crossing was analyzed theoretically,and the critical parameters of chassis passing were obtained.Secondly,the kinematic analysis of potato during harvest was carried out,and the relevant parameters of key working parts were obtained.At the same time,RecurDyn simulation software was used to simulate the multi-body dynamics of the whole machine,and the relevant motion parameters of the self-propelled potato combine suitable for the horizontal and longitudinal slopes in hilly areas,across trenches and straight walls were obtained.The simulation results showed that the maximum climbing angle of longitudinal slope driving was 28°,the maximum slope angle of transverse slope driving was 20°,the maximum height of the machine crossing vertical obstacles was 150 mm,and the maximum crossing trench width was 300 mm.The results showed that the rate of damaged potato and the rate of broken potato were 1.92%and 2.86%,respectively,which met the standard of damaged potato and broken potato less than 2%and 3%,respectively.The harvester can meet the longitudinal slope of 25°and drive steadily,cross the trench of 300 mm width and climb over the straight wall of 150 mm,which was consistent with the simulation results,and verified the accuracy of the simulation.This study can meet the design requirements of crawler potato harvester driving performance,and provide theoretical basis and reference for the design of crawler root harvester in hilly and mountainous areas.