基于RAMSIS的拖拉机驾驶室人机工程布置设计与测试

Design and Test of Ergonomic Layout for Tractor Cab Based on RAMSIS

针对目前拖拉机驾驶室设计中人机工程操纵性和舒适性存在的不足,根据GB/T 21935—2008标准对人体各个关节部位角度及长度的定义,结合GB/T 6235—2004对座椅标志点位置的推荐,通过理论计算建立人体各关节的数学模型。基于RAMSIS软件对人体操纵进行仿真分析,提出针对GB/T 21935—2008标准中规定的人机操纵舒适区和可及区优化后的范围,构建驾驶座椅两侧人体操作舒适区三维模型,结合RAMSIS软件对现有的拖拉机驾驶室内部操纵部件进行了校核优化。脚油门踏板面由最初与地板面夹角45°调整为35°,并将脚油门位置整体向外移25 mm,制动踏板面宽度减短40 mm,同时将主变速杆距离地面265 mm处结构向外调整20 mm,手制动初始位置抬高45 mm。对优化后样机内各部件操纵力和行程进行实际测量及场地试验,验证了提出的人体操作舒适区三维模型的正确性。本研究为拖拉机驾驶室人机工程设计提供了一个操纵部件布置位置舒适区的数学模型,为后续拖拉机驾驶室设计提供参考,拓展了人机工程学在拖拉机设计领域内的应用,并提高拖拉机驾驶的舒适性。

Due to the shortcomings of ergonomics and comfort in the design of tractor cabs,the mathematical model of each joint of the human body was established by theoretical calculation.The model was based on a definition of the angle and length of each joint of the human body in GB/T 21935—2008 standard,and the recommendation of GB/T 6235—2004 on the seat marking points position.Based on the simulation analysis of human manipulation based on RAMSIS software,a three-dimensional model of human manipulation comfort zone on both sides of the driver’s seat was constructed based on the optimized range of human manipulation comfort zone and accessibility zone specified in GB/T 21935—2008 standard.Combined with RAMSIS software,the existing tractor cab internal control components were optimized.The included angle between the foot accelerator pedal surface and the floor surface was adjusted from 45°to 35°.The overall position of the foot accelerator was shifted outward by 25 mm,and the width of the brake pedal surface was reduced by 40 mm.At the same time,the structure at the 265 mm distance from the ground of the main gear lever was adjusted outward by 20 mm,and the initial position of the hand brake was raised by 45 mm.Experiments were carried out on the optimized prototype,and the control force and stroke of each component were measured to verify the correctness of the proposed three-dimensional model of the human operation comfort zone.During the present study,a mathematical model of the comfort zone and the arrangement position of the control components was provided for the ergonomic design of the tractor cab.The research result could provide a reference for the tractor cab design.Also,it would expand the application of ergonomics in the field of tractor design and improve the driving comfort of tractors.