苹果采收平台输送装置设计与优化试验

Design and Optimization Test of Conveying Device for Apple Harvesting Platform

针对国内苹果园人工采收效率低和损伤率高的问题,设计了一种苹果采收平台输送装置,实现苹果自动输送作业。首先通过对苹果输送过程进行运动学分析,确定影响苹果机械损伤的主要因素及各因素的试验取值范围。其次根据Box-Behnken试验设计原理,以输送速度、果托倾角、果托形状为试验因素,以损伤率为试验指标,对苹果采收平台输送装置的作业参数进行试验研究,建立试验指标与试验因素之间的回归模型。最后分析了各因素对试验指标的影响规律,并根据回归模型对试验因素进行综合优化。试验结果表明:当输送速度为0.2 m/s、果托倾角为30°、果托形状为圆台体时,苹果损伤率为3.69%,苹果机械损伤明显低于未经参数优化的苹果采收平台输送装置,输送作业效果最好。研究结果可为苹果园采收平台的结构优化和输送作业参数控制提供参考。

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and high damage rate of artificial harvesting in domestic apple orchards,an apple harvesting platform conveying device was designed to realize the automatic conveying of apples.Firstly,through the kinematic analysis of apple conveying process,the main factors affecting apple mechanical damage and the test value range of each factor were determined.Secondly,according to the Box-Behnken test design method,taking the conveying speed,the dip angle of the fruit tray and the shape of the fruit tray as the test factors and the damage rate as the test index,the operating parameters of the conveying device of the apple harvesting platform were tested and studied,and the regression model between the test index and the test factors was established.Finally,the influence law of each factor on the test index was analyzed,and the test factors were comprehensively optimized according to the regression model.The results showed that when the conveying speed was 0.2 m/s,the dip angle of the fruit tray was 30°,and the shape of the fruit tray was a circular platform,the apple damage rate was 3.69%,which was significantly lower than the mechanical damage of the apple conveying device without parameter optimization,and the conveying effect was the best.The results could provide a reference for the structural optimization of apple orchard harvesting platform and the control of transportation parameters.