基于预处理苗带甘薯裸苗自动移栽机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Automatic Transplanter for Sweet Potato Naked Seedlings Based on Pretreatment Seedling Belt

甘薯种植多以裸苗移栽为主,对机械化移栽要求较高。针对国内甘薯移栽设备自动化程度低,作业时需要人工喂苗导致劳动强度大、机械化栽插质量不高的问题,结合甘薯裸苗栽植农艺要求,基于预处理苗带喂苗装置和挠性圆盘栽植装置设计了一种甘薯裸苗自动移栽机,结合甘薯裸苗移栽机喂苗装置、挠性圆盘栽植装置和浇水装置自动作业控制需要,设计了基于CAN总线的甘薯裸苗自动移栽机控制系统,能够一次性完成旋耕、起垄、开沟、自动有序喂苗、定株距栽插、镇压覆土、自动浇水、修垄等作业。田间试验表明,机具在目标株距25 cm以及作业速度0.25、0.35、0.45 m/s的情况下,栽植株距变异系数和栽植深度合格率均达到了标准要求,栽植株距变异系数和栽植姿态合格率受作业速度影响较大,栽植深度受作业速度变化影响较小,在作业速度为0.25 m/s时,栽植株距变异系数平均值为10.16%,栽植深度合格率平均值为95.56%,作业性能优于0.35 m/s和0.45 m/s,栽植姿态合格率平均值为90%。本研究为甘薯裸苗机械化、自动化移栽机械的理论研究和设计提供了新的参考。

Naked seedling transplanting is the main planting method of sweet potato in China, which requires high mechanized transplanting. At present, the domestic sweet potato transplanting machinery is relatively lacking, the existing equipment has a low degree of automation, and most of them adopt manual seedling feeding, which leads to high labor intensity in the field and low quality of mechanized planting. Combined with the agronomic requirements of planting naked sweet potato seedling, an automatic transplanter for naked sweet potato seedlings was designed based on the pretreatment seedling belt feeding device and the flexible disc planting device, According to the requirement of automatic operation control of feeding device, flexible disc planting device and watering device of sweet potato bare seedling transplanter, a control system of sweet potato bare seedling automatic transplanter based on CAN bus was designed, which can complete rotary tillage, ridging, ditching, automatic and orderly seedling feeding, planting at fixed plant distance, pressing soil covering, automatic watering, ridge repairing and other operations at one time. Field experiments showed that when the distance of target plant spacing was 25 cm and the working speed was 0.25 m/s, 0.35 m/s and 0.45 m/s, the coefficient of variation of planting plant spacing and the qualified rate of planting depth all met the standard requirements, the variation coefficient of plant spacing and the qualified rate of planting posture were affected by the working speed greatly, but the planting depth was less affected by the working speed. When the working speed was 0.25 m/s, the working performance index was better than 0.35 m/s and 0.45 m/s. The average variation coefficient of plant spacing was 10.16%, the average qualified rate of planting depth was 95.56%, and the average qualified rate of planting posture was 90%. The research result can provide a reference for the theoretical research and innovative design of mechanized and automatic transplanting machinery for naked sweet potato seedlings.