龙门式电驱动油菜薹收获机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Gantry Type Electric Drive Rapeseed Stalks Harvester

针对油菜薹机械化收获装备匮乏的问题,设计了一种龙门式电驱动油菜薹收获机,实现油菜薹切割、夹抛、输送、收集、跨厢面遥控自走功能。阐述了收获机整机设计方案,设计了立式回转夹抛切割装置,确定了分禾器、割刀和夹抛辊结构参数;通过割台夹抛过程力学与运动学分析,明确了油菜薹切割、夹抛输送作业影响因素,确定了割刀、夹抛辊结构和运动学要求;搭建油菜薹收获试验台,以切割效果、输送效果为评价指标开展单因素试验和正交试验,结果表明当割刀转速为234 r/min、夹抛辊转速为120 r/min、喂入速度(机具前进速度)为0.56 m/s时综合收获效果最佳。田间收获验证试验表明,设计的收获机作业效率可达到0.41 hm2/h,综合切割效果为95.6%,综合输送效果为95.2%,满足油菜薹收获要求。该研究可为油菜薹机械化收获装备的结构设计优化提供参考。

In view of the shortage of mechanized harvesting equipment for rapeseed stalks,a gantry electric-driven rapeseed stalks harvester was designed to realize the functions of cutting,clipping,conveying,collecting rapeseed stalks,with remote control and self-propelled across the box.The design scheme of the whole harvester was expounded,and the vertical rotary clamping cutting device was designed with emphasis,and the structural parameters of the crop divider,the cutter and the clipping and throwing rollers were determined.Through the mechanical and kinematic analysis of the clamping and throwing process of the cutting table,the influencing factors of the cutting and clamping and throwing transportation of the rapeseed bolt were clarified,and the structural and kinematic requirements of the cutter and the clamping and throwing rollers were determined.The rapeseed stalks harvest test bench was set up,and the single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were carried out with the cutting effect and conveying effect as the evaluation indexes.The results showed that the comprehensive harvest effect was the best when the cutting knife speed was 234 r/min,the clipping and throwing rollers speed was 120 r/min,and the feeding speed(machine forward speed)was 0.56 m/s.The field harvest verification test showed that the harvesting efficiency of the harvester could reach 0.41 hm~2/h,the comprehensive cutting effect was 95.6%,and the comprehensive conveying effect was 95.2%,which met the requirements of rapeseed stalks harvesting.The research result can provide reference for the structural design optimization of rapeseed stalks mechanized harvesting equipment.