基于绿色生产和资源协同的农业水土资源利用效率研究

Agricultural Water and Land Resources Utilization Efficiency Based on Green Production and Resources Synergy

从水土资源协同投入和“经济-社会-生态”效益产出的全局角度分析宏观区域的农业水土资源利用效率,对于农业生产可持续性具有重要价值。本文结合广义水资源概念及农业生产中的“多投入-多产出”特征,阐明了农业水土资源利用效率的内涵,利用数据包络分析法构建了超效率-基于松弛变量(Super-SBM)模型和超效率-考虑非期望产出-基于松弛变量(Super-Undesirable-SBM)模型用于测算生产配置效率概念的农业水土资源利用效率,并以山东省引黄灌溉区为例,测算了研究区51个县域的不考虑生态效益的农业水土资源利用效率(WLUE)、考虑生态效益的农业水土资源利用效率(WLUEE)、水资源利用效率损失(WUEL)和耕地资源利用效率损失(LUEL)。结果表明:所有县域中,只有东明县和桓台县WLUE和WLUEE均大于1,实现了DEA有效,河口区的WLUE最小,历城区的WLUEE最小。各县域分为绿色高效型、普通高效型、绿色低效型和普通低效型4种类型,且绿色高效型和普通高效型县域水资源利用水平更高,绿色低效型和普通低效型县域耕地利用水平更高。提出了不同类型县域农业水土资源利用效率的针对性改善措施,为农业水土资源利用效率研究提供新的视角,研究成果有利于促进研究区农业生产的可持续发展。

It is important to analyze the efficiency of agricultural water and land resources utilization in macro-regions from the perspective of synergistic inputs and “economic-social-ecological” benefits for the sustainability of agricultural production. The connotation of agricultural water and land resources use efficiency was clarified by combining the broad concept of water resources and the characteristics of “multiple inputs-multiple outputs” in agricultural production, the super slacks based measure(Super-SBM) model and super undesirable slacks based measure(Super-Undesirable-SBM) model were constructed by using data envelopment analysis to measure the production allocation efficiency. The Super-SBM model and Super-Undesirable-SBM model were used to measure the efficiency of agricultural water and land resources utilization of the concept. Agricultural water and land resources utilization efficiency without considering ecological benefits(WLUE), agricultural water and land resources utilization efficiency with considering ecological benefits(WLUEE), water resource utilization efficiency loss(WUEL) and arable land resource utilization efficiency loss(LUEL) were measured for 51 counties in the study area, taking the Shandong Yellow Diversion Irrigation District as an example. By comparing and analyzing the WLUE and WLUEE measurement results, WUEL and LUEL decomposition results, the characteristics of agricultural water and soil resource utilization and the size difference of the two resource utilization efficiency losses in each county of the study area were revealed, and the counties of the study area were classified into four types: green and efficient production type, ordinary efficient production type, green and inefficient production type and ordinary inefficient production type. The targeted improvement measures for agricultural soil and water resource use efficiency in each county and a perspective for the study of agricultural soil and water resource utilization efficiency were proposed. The research results were conducive to promoting the sustainable development of agricultural production in the study area.