马铃薯定量装袋装置设计与试验

Design and Test of Potato Quantitative Weight Bagging Device

针对目前国内马铃薯定量装袋机在定量装袋时存在测量不稳定、装袋损伤较大以及装换袋效率低等问题,采用S型拉力传感器原理称量,提高了称量精度和稳定性。在此基础上对定量装袋装置进行了结构设计,通过对定量装袋装置关键部件的分析确定了结构参数,并明确了影响装袋性能的关键因素及取值范围。以输送带速度、引流板角度以及装袋高度为试验因素,以称量合格率、破皮率和伤薯率为试验评价指标,借助软件Design-Expert 10.0.3,采用Design-Behnken进行三因素三水平试验,对试验结果进行方差分析,通过响应面试验分析了各交互因素对试验指标的影响规律,对定量装袋装置的结构以及工作参数进行优化,结合实际工况确定各因素最佳取值,在此基础上进行5次试验台定量装袋试验,验证试验表明,当输送线速度为0.44 m/s、引流板角度为62.3°、装袋高度为496.1 mm时,其称量合格率为97.32%,破皮率为1.22%,伤薯率为0.94%。对比参数优化后的理论值,实测值与理论值的相对误差分别为1.23%、2.40%、2.17%,表明本定量装袋装置提高了装袋合格率,在提高装换袋效率的同时减少了破皮和伤薯等损伤。

In view of the problems of unstable measurement, large packaging damage and low packaging efficiency in the quantitative packaging of potato quantitative packaging machine in China, the principle of S-type tension sensor was used to weigh, and the weighing accuracy and stability were improved. On this basis, the structural design of quantitative packaging device was carried out. The structural parameters were determined by analyzing the key components of the quantitative packaging device, and the key factors affecting the packaging performance and the range of values were clarified. Taking conveyor belt speed, drainage plate angle and bagging height as experimental factors, weighing qualified rate, peeling rate and potato injury rate as experimental evaluation indexes, with the help of software Design-Expert 10.0.3, three factors and three levels experiments were carried out by Design-Behnken, and the experimental results were analyzed by variance analysis. The influence of various interactive factors on the experimental indexes was analyzed by response surface test. The structure and working parameters of the quantitative bagging device were optimized, and the optimal value of each factor was determined according to the actual working conditions. On this basis, five quantitative packaging tests were carried out on the test bench. The verification test showed that when the speed of the conveying line was 0.44 m/s, the angle of the drainage plate was 62.3°, and the packaging height was 496.1 mm, the qualified rate of weighing was 97.32%, the rate of skin breakage was 1.22%, and the rate of sweet potato injury was 0.94%. Compared with the theoretical value after parameter optimization, the relative errors between the measured value and the theoretical value were 1.23%, 2.40% and 2.17%, respectively. It was shown that the quantitative bagging device improved the qualified rate of bagging, improved the efficiency of bagging and replacement, and reduced the damage of skin and potato.