父代外出务工经历对子代城镇融合的代际影响——基于财富效应与教育效应的比较

Intergenerational Effects of Parents’ Migrant Work Experience on Children’s Urban Integration:Based on the Comparison of Wealth Effect and Education Effect

在我国土地城镇化快速推进而人口城镇化滞后的背景下,研究农村进城务工人员城镇融入、就业稳定性及其影响因素,对新型城镇化的深入推进具有重要意义。基于时间的纵向维度,从代际长期影响视角分析父代外出务工经历对子代城镇就业表现与落户意愿的影响程度与机制,利用2016年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,以在城镇就业的农业户籍流动人口为对象进行实证分析。研究发现,父代外出务工经历对子代城镇融入的代际效应表现为正负两方面:一方面可提升家庭收入和财产禀赋,使子代城镇落户意愿提高;另一方面因为外出务工不利于子代教育程度提升,削弱子代城镇就业表现和城镇融入能力。从长期影响看,父代外出务工虽能促进人口城镇化,但主要是依靠收入提高和财产转移,而不是通过提升子代教育和融合能力来实现,子代城镇化的稳定性存在隐忧。

Under the background of rapid land urbanization and lagging population urbanization in China,it is of great significance to study the urban integration,employment stability and influencing factors of rural migrant workers.Based on the longitudinal dimension of time,the influence degree and mechanism of the experience of the migrant workers on the performance and settlement of the urban migrant workers in the past generation were analyzed from the perspective of intergenerational long-term impact.The data of the dynamic monitoring survey of the migrant population in 2016 were used to analyze the registered residence population in urban areas.The study found that the intergenerational effect of the parents’migrant work experience on the children’s urban integration is positive and negative:on the one hand,it can improve the family income and property endowment and improve the children’s willingness to settle in cities and towns;on the other hand,it is not conducive to the improvement of the children’s education and weaken the children’s urban employment performance and urban integration ability.From the long-term impact,although the migrant workers of the parents can promote population urbanization,it mainly depends on the increase of income and property transfer,rather than by improving the education and integration ability of the children.There are secret worries about the stability of the children’s urbanization.