长期低价影响下的胶农生产经营适应性研究——基于西双版纳傣族自治州植胶区的调查

Study on the Adaptability of Natural Rubber Growers’ Production and Operation under the Impact of Long-term Low Prices:Based on the Investigation of Natural Rubber Planting Area in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture

天然橡胶产业是植胶区农户减贫致富的重要支柱。天然橡胶价格自2011年以来长期处于低位徘徊,而绝大部分胶农却没有退出经营。本文基于对云南省西双版纳傣族自治州植胶区的深度调研,比较了普通胶农和职业胶农生产经营方式的差异,分析了胶农生产经营过程中形成的获取政策支持、优化劳动力配置、契约分成激励、理性预期管理等风险规避机制和采取替代选择面临的机会领域窄、机会推力弱、机会成本高等困境,并在总结当前胶农面临的政策体系、就业渠道、利益联结、价格保障、国际合作等外部挑战基础上,提出改善胶农生产经营状态的若干对策建议。

Natural rubber production is the main source for farmers in rubber planting areas to reduce poverty.However,the price of natural rubber has remained at a low level for a long time since 2011,but why the vast majority of rubber growers have not withdrawn from this business?Based on an in-depth investigation of the rubber planting area in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,this paper sorts out different types of rubber growers,and compares the production and operation organization models between ordinary and professional rubber growers.Moreover,by analyzing the production and operation process,the paper studies the rubber farmers’risk aversion mechanisms,such as policy support,better labor allocation,contract sharing incentives,rational expectation management,etc.,and summarizes the dilemmas that they face,including narrow opportunities,weak opportunity thrust,high opportunity costs,when they adopt alternative options.Finally,based on the main difficulties faced by the rubber growers,including current policy systems,employment channels,interest linkages,price guarantees,international cooperation and other external challenges,the paper offers the countermeasures and suggestions for improving the rubber growers’production and operation.